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cover of episode How does nicotine affect cognition and what's the risk?

How does nicotine affect cognition and what's the risk?

2025/2/27
logo of podcast The Dose

The Dose

AI Deep Dive Transcript
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Brian Goldman
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Stephen Laviolette
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Stephen Laviolette: 我认为完美的认知增强剂应该是尽可能低成瘾性的,不会让人上瘾,停药后也不会产生戒断症状。目前我们所知的此类物质并不存在。尼古丁通过与大脑中的尼古丁受体相互作用来影响大脑功能,这些受体主要位于负责认知和记忆的大脑区域,例如前额叶皮层、海马体、丘脑和杏仁核。刺激这些受体可以产生兴奋作用,从而改善认知和记忆。长期接触尼古丁会导致多巴胺系统高度敏感,增加成瘾性。仅仅7天的慢性尼古丁暴露就能使大脑的多巴胺系统对后续的尼古丁高度敏感。多巴胺系统过度活跃会导致焦虑、认知控制力下降和记忆问题等。尼古丁的作用持续时间取决于摄入方式,吸烟和雾化是作用最快的途径。尼古丁口香糖、贴片和吸烟的成瘾性和戒断症状相似。对于从未吸烟的人来说,使用尼古丁口香糖等替代品风险很高,因为存在基因易感性。建议避免使用尼古丁口香糖等替代品,可以选择更健康的认知增强方法,如营养补充剂、饮食改变和运动。青少年和年轻人的大脑正处于发育阶段,使用尼古丁的风险更大。 Brian Goldman: 尼古丁可以增强认知,但效果有限且持续时间短。尼古丁具有成瘾性,长期使用会导致渴望和戒断症状。尼古丁替代品对从未吸烟的人群影响的研究有限,长期使用可能导致成瘾,青少年和年轻人风险更大。需要权衡尼古丁短期认知益处和长期成瘾风险。

Deep Dive

Shownotes Transcript

Many smokers turn to nicotine gums, patches or lozenges to try and kick the habit. But now, experts say that some non-smokers are using those products to boost attention and fine motor skills. They're doing so despite studies showing that nicotine is as addictive as cocaine or heroin. Steven Laviolette, a professor in the Schulich School of Medicine at Western University, explains what nicotine does to the brain. 

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