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cover of episode When Sadness Is Something More: Recognizing Major Depressive Disorder

When Sadness Is Something More: Recognizing Major Depressive Disorder

2025/4/3
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Health Discovered
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Jessi Gold, MD, MS
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Jessi Gold, MD, MS: 我认为我们应该区分日常生活中所说的抑郁和临床诊断的抑郁症。日常所说的抑郁通常指的是悲伤的情绪，而临床诊断的抑郁症则需要持续至少两周，并且伴随其他症状，例如睡眠模式改变（睡眠增多或减少）、兴趣丧失（快感缺失）、注意力下降、食欲改变、行动迟缓和负罪感。这些症状会严重影响日常生活。区分两者非常重要，因为并非所有悲伤情绪都需要治疗。 我们应该学会接纳自己的情绪，而不是试图让所有负面情绪消失。如果悲伤情绪持续存在、恶化并影响生活，并且伴随其他抑郁症状，那么就应该考虑寻求专业帮助。 在诊断方面，首先要区分抑郁情绪和兴趣丧失。如果存在其中一种症状，则需要进一步评估其他症状，以确定是否符合重度抑郁症的诊断标准。 在治疗方面，我会与患者进行长时间的谈话，了解他们的病史、症状、家族史、社会因素和物质使用情况等，以制定个性化的治疗方案。一线治疗药物通常是抗抑郁药，但并非所有患者都需要药物治疗。治疗方案可能包括药物治疗、心理治疗或两者结合。 此外，生活方式的改变，例如规律作息、适度运动和社交，也对治疗有益。治疗是一个循序渐进的过程，需要耐心和坚持。 Dr. Neha Batak: 本期节目中，我们探讨了如何区分日常悲伤和临床抑郁症，以及如何寻求帮助。我们了解到，抑郁症不仅仅是短暂的低落情绪，它可能涉及持续的低落情绪、兴趣丧失以及其他持续至少两周的症状。我们还探讨了家族史、其他医疗问题以及日常压力因素（从社交媒体压力到在更孤立的居家办公文化中生活）如何影响人们的抑郁症体验。我们还探讨了各种支持方案，无论是从全科医生开始，还是寻求精神科医生的专业帮助，或者将治疗纳入其中，有时还会与药物一起使用。尽管没有一刀切的解决方案，但重要的是要记住，你不是孤单的，治疗可以根据你的实际情况进行调整。

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This chapter differentiates between everyday sadness and clinical depression. It defines major depressive disorder, detailing its symptoms (sleep disturbances, loss of interest, concentration difficulties, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation, guilt, and suicidal thoughts) and highlighting the importance of duration and interference with daily life.
  • Major depressive disorder involves persistent low mood and loss of interest lasting at least two weeks.
  • Other symptoms include sleep disturbances, concentration issues, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation, guilt, and potentially suicidal thoughts.
  • The distinction between temporary sadness and clinical depression lies in duration, severity, and impact on daily life.

Shownotes Transcript

Feeling down from time to time is normal, but how can you tell when sadness is something more – like major depressive disorder)? We spoke with Jessi Gold, MD, MS), the first chief wellness officer of the University of Tennessee system and bestselling author of How Do You Feel?,* to unpack the complexities of depression. She breaks down the differences between temporary low mood and clinical depression, the role of genetics and medical conditions, and how daily stressors can contribute. We also dive into treatment options -- from therapy to medication -- and the importance of recognizing when it’s time to seek help.