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cover of episode Getting science into policy for gun control and NHS reform

Getting science into policy for gun control and NHS reform

2024/10/12
logo of podcast Medicine and Science from The BMJ

Medicine and Science from The BMJ
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Luis Clarivas
R
Rebecca McKee
S
Shannon Watts
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Luis Clarivas: 作为一名研究枪支管制的学者,我认为现在有证据表明,更严格地限制谁可以获得枪支、如何使用枪支以及市场上有什么样的枪支,都有助于减少枪支死亡。过去十年左右,一些州在枪支拥有和使用方面更加宽松,而另一些州则实施了更严格的法律。由于联邦政府在这方面没有采取太多行动,各州只能自己采取行动,形成了一种自然实验。通用背景调查、等待期以及许可证购买计划都有助于减少枪支暴力。处理高危人群,防止他们获得枪支或剥夺他们已有的枪支也是有效的。限制攻击性武器和大容量弹匣,以及实施安全储存法律和儿童访问预防法律,以确保儿童无法接触到家中的枪支,这些措施都已取得成功。 Shannon Watts: 作为 Moms Demand Action 的创始人,我认为变革来自于拥有一个基层运动,可以利用像 Luis 这样的人的数据和研究,讲述故事并改变立法者的想法。现在民主党人有数据支持他们的政策,如果一个州监管较少,枪支较多,就更有可能看到更多的枪支暴力和死亡。枪支游说团体和制造商是美国最有实力、最富有的特殊利益集团之一,他们在讲述数据故事和制造谬论方面领先了 30 年。红旗法对于预防自杀、预防大规模枪击事件和预防亲密伴侣暴力非常有用,我们可以向立法者讲述相关的故事。我们的研究表明,“不退让法”和“强制许可制度”不起作用。枪支游说团体很早就知道他们需要镇压枪支安全研究的资金,因为研究出来的数据不利于销售枪支。我可以给人们提供关于有多少儿童接触枪支,以及它是多么致命,以及这支枪更有可能被这个孩子发现并用来伤害自己或他人的数据,他们决定更安全地存放他们的枪支。当数据赶上行动主义时,就会发生改变,我认为这只是时间问题。

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How science can be transformed into policy?

One of the seemingly intractable issues when it comes to legislative change in the US is gun control.  One reason policy change is so difficult, is the US specific evidence vacuum, but that’s beginning to change.

We're joined by Louis Klarevas, an academic at the University of Colombia and author of the book “Rampage Nation, securing america from gun violence" and Shannon Watts, from Moms Demand Action which is a grassroots movement of Americans fighting for public safety measures that can protect people from gun violence.

 

Even when there is evidence, the trade-offs needed for legislative change can still paralyse policy makers. Citizen assemblies, a form of democratic participation that asks the public for their views, has helped clarify some key healthcare issues, from assisted dying in Jersey, to abortion access in Ireland.

Rebecca McKee from the Institute of Government argues they could be used to fix the NHS, and joins us to explain how.

 

Reading list

More gun regulation, less firearm harm)

Citizens’ assemblies, health, and health policy)