We're sunsetting PodQuest on 2025-07-28. Thank you for your support!
Export Podcast Subscriptions
cover of episode Rethinking Race in Prenatal Screening for Open Neural Tube Defects

Rethinking Race in Prenatal Screening for Open Neural Tube Defects

2025/3/28
logo of podcast JAMA Medical News

JAMA Medical News

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript
People
D
Daniel Herman
Topics
Daniel Herman: 我参与了一项关于重新评估产前筛查开放性神经管缺陷中种族因素作用的研究。我们使用α-胎儿蛋白(AFP)浓度进行筛查,传统方法会根据种族对AFP值进行调整。然而,种族是一个社会建构,其在医学测试中的应用需要有力的证据支持。我们的研究回顾了宾夕法尼亚大学医学中心三年来7000名孕妇的数据,发现黑人孕妇的AFP浓度平均略高,导致假阳性率略高。但这种差异很小,在绝对数值上,如果取消种族调整,每170名患者中黑人患者只会多出一个假阳性结果。鉴于我们对种族调整对筛查灵敏度的影响以及黑人患者AFP浓度较高的机制尚不清楚,我们认为没有足够的证据继续进行基于种族的调整。我们已经改变了我们的实践,现在不考虑种族来计算AFP中位数,下一步将完全从检测流程中移除种族因素。未来的研究方向包括探究种族调整对筛查灵敏度的影响,以及是否存在潜在的遗传或环境因素导致黑人患者AFP浓度较高,以及寻找更有效的生物标志物。 Roy Perlis: 作为JAMA+ AI的主编,我与Daniel Herman博士讨论了他最近发表在JAMA Pediatrics上关于重新评估产前筛查开放性神经管缺陷中种族因素作用的研究。这项研究具有重要的临床意义,因为它直接关系到临床实践中是否应该继续使用基于种族的调整方法。研究结果表明,虽然黑人孕妇的AFP浓度平均略高,但取消种族调整对假阳性率的影响很小。更重要的是,目前尚不清楚种族调整对筛查灵敏度的影响,以及黑人患者AFP浓度较高的潜在机制。因此,在缺乏更多证据的情况下,研究者建议取消基于种族的调整,并呼吁进一步研究以探索潜在的遗传或环境因素,以及寻找更有效的生物标志物。这对于AI模型的开发和应用具有启示意义,即在构建复杂的AI模型时,需要有良好的结果指标,并评估模型对不同患者群体的临床结果的影响,避免引入或复制偏差。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explains the clinical context of prenatal testing for open neural tube defects, focusing on the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations and the traditional incorporation of race into the interpretation of these measurements. The historical context of these methods is also discussed, including the variability across studies and the limited sample sizes.
  • Open neural tube defects affect roughly 1 in 1400 pregnancies.
  • Prenatal screening involves measuring AFP concentrations.
  • Race has been traditionally incorporated into the interpretation of AFP concentrations due to observed average differences.
  • Early studies on this topic were conducted in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Shownotes Transcript

Correction: This podcast has been updated to add additional context on the frequency of false positives. Open neural tube defects affect approximately 1 in 1400 births. Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine joins JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, to discuss a quality improvement study examining the need to continue to incorporate race in tests that screen for these defects. Related Content:

  • Study Findings Question Value of Including Race in Prenatal Screening for Birth Defects)
  • Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Prenatal Screening for Open Neural Tube Defects)