cover of episode A New Legal Standard for Medical Malpractice From the American Law Institute

A New Legal Standard for Medical Malpractice From the American Law Institute

2025/2/26
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JAMA Clinical Reviews

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Christopher Robertson: 我认为医生们非常担心医疗责任风险,虽然研究表明医生很少需要为医疗事故诉讼自掏腰包,因为美国的医疗责任保险制度健全,赔偿通常由保险公司和医疗机构承担,而不是医生个人。但是,医生对医疗事故的担忧依然存在,而且不同专业的医生面临医疗事故诉讼的频率也不同,外科、妇产科、耳鼻喉科和泌尿外科等专业的医生面临的风险相对较高。 美国法学会(ALI)发布了新的医疗事故法律标准,这是一个具有重大影响的事件。ALI是一个享有盛誉的组织,致力于澄清美国法律,其重新阐述的标准对各州法院具有很强的说服力,尽管ALI本身并没有官方权力。新的标准并非完全推翻旧标准,而是对许多州已经采取的措施进行了总结和规范。 传统的医疗过失标准是基于习惯做法,即医生们通常的做法,这是一种描述性的、行为性的标准,它不考虑科学证据或最佳实践。而新的标准则是一个以病人为中心的客观标准,它强调根据成本和收益来优化最佳做法,并考虑了循证医学和国家实践指南。遵循国家实践指南可以作为避免医疗过失指控的依据。 此外,新的标准还试图减少对抗性,促进问题解决,从而提高医疗安全。对不良结果表示遗憾并不等同于承认医疗过失。新的标准也强调了与病人的沟通,并阐明了知情同意的原则,这与过去一百多年来强调病人自主性的趋势相符。总的来说,我们希望新的标准能够帮助医生们更加专注于预防医疗错误和保障病人安全,而不是仅仅墨守成规。 Gregory Curfman: (无核心论点,主要负责引导访谈)

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Physicians are concerned about medical liability, but it's rare for them to pay out of pocket due to robust insurance coverage. The average physician faces 0.35 paid claims in their career, with some specialties like surgery having higher rates.
  • Frequency of malpractice lawsuits varies by specialty
  • Liability insurance typically covers most costs
  • Surgical specialties have higher rates of claims than others

Shownotes Transcript

In 2024, the American Law Institute revised the legal standard for assessing medical negligence. Author Christopher T. Robertson, JD, PhD, of Boston University School of Law joins JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, to discuss these changes in the first-ever restatement of the law. Related Content:

  • A New Legal Standard for Medical Malpractice)
  • Another Medical Malpractice Crisis?)