cover of episode Loss of Obstetric Care in Rural and Urban Hospitals in the US

Loss of Obstetric Care in Rural and Urban Hospitals in the US

2024/12/4
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JAMA Clinical Reviews

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Katy Kozhimannil
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Linda Brubaker
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Linda Brubaker: 我对这项研究结果感到震惊,2022年,美国有超过一半的农村医院(52.4%)和超过三分之一的城市医院(35.7%)不提供产科护理服务。这对于医生、临床医生和患者来说都是一个令人惊讶的数字,也突显了美国医疗系统中产科护理可及性问题。 Katy Kozhimannil: 这项研究的起因是阿拉巴马州一个以黑人为主的农村社区的五位祖母的观察。她们注意到,随着当地医院的关闭,她们的女儿们不得不前往更远的地方寻求产科护理。这促使她们向当地代表反映情况,最终引发了这项研究。我们的研究发现,农村社区更容易受到医院产科护理服务减少的影响,这通常是由于医院关闭产科部门或医院整体关闭造成的。这不仅对患者和社区造成影响,也对旨在解决孕产妇健康问题的政策制定产生影响。 我们这项研究的重点是量化和阐明这种趋势。这项研究耗时一年多,因为没有单一的数据来源可以提供关于医院是否提供产科服务的信息。我们不得不整合多个数据来源,并进行人工核实,包括电话和网站核实,以确保数据的准确性。医院并购和收购也增加了研究的复杂性。 在2010年至2022年间,共有537家医院停止提供产科服务,其中农村医院238家,城市医院299家。与此同时,有138家医院新增了产科服务,但其中大部分(112家)位于城市地区,农村地区仅新增26家。这表明,美国医院产科护理的可及性持续下降,农村地区的下降幅度更大。2022年,超过一半的农村医院(52.4%)和超过三分之一的城市医院不提供产科服务。 这项研究的局限性在于,我们只关注医院分娩,没有包括在独立助产中心分娩的情况。此外,随着医院关闭,研究结果的基数每年都在下降,我们也没有捕捉到2010年之前医院关闭的累积影响。我们使用了农村和城市二分法来衡量农村性,这忽略了农村和城市地区内部的多样性。 Supporting_evidences Katy Kozhimannil: 'It originally came from five grandmas in Alabama...' Katy Kozhimannil: 'And one of the things that we found in that original research is that it was communities like theirs that were most frequently losing hospital-based obstetric care.' Katy Kozhimannil: 'It's so difficult to know whether or not a hospital offers obstetric services...' Katy Kozhimannil: 'And over this 12-year time period, there was a lot of change in the hospital markets...' Katy Kozhimannil: 'We found that there were quite a lot of hospitals that closed their obstetric units during this time...' Katy Kozhimannil: 'So in 2022, more than half, 52.4% of rural hospitals did not offer obstetrics.' Katy Kozhimannil: 'We only used data on hospitals. So we're really focusing, again, on those hospital-based births...' Katy Kozhimannil: 'Also, the denominators for the study outcomes, the number of hospitals declined each year as hospitals closed...' Katy Kozhimannil: 'We also use just a dichotomous measure of rurality, rural versus urban...'

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Access to obstetric care in US hospitals has been declining, while maternal mortality is on the rise. A new research letter published in JAMA quantifies losses and gains of obstetric care at rural and urban short-term acute care hospitals in the US between 2010-2022. Author Katy Kozhimannil, PhD, MPA, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS. Related Content:

  • Obstetric Care Access at Rural and Urban Hospitals in the United States)