cover of episode Breathe Easy: Understanding Respiratory Diseases an interview with Respiratory Physician- Dr Thomas Altree

Breathe Easy: Understanding Respiratory Diseases an interview with Respiratory Physician- Dr Thomas Altree

2025/3/6
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Tom Altree: 我是一名呼吸科和睡眠医学专家,在昆德斯维尔医院和Breathe SA诊所工作,同时也是弗林德斯大学的高级研究员。我领导昆德斯维尔医院呼吸临床试验单元,研究包括慢性阻塞性肺病和肺纤维化在内的肺部疾病的尖端疗法。全球呼吸系统疾病的负担非常巨大,仅在澳大利亚,慢性阻塞性肺病就影响着超过60万人。这些疾病主要与吸烟有关,但也与空气污染、森林火灾烟雾和烹饪烟雾等因素有关。虽然澳大利亚的吸烟率正在下降,但全球呼吸系统疾病的患病率却在上升,这与人口老龄化、接触吸入性病原体以及电子烟的出现有关。我们根据肺功能测试的结果将肺部疾病分为阻塞性和限制性疾病两大类。阻塞性疾病,例如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管扩张症和囊性纤维化,其特征是用力肺活量测定法中第一秒用力呼气量与用力肺活量之比小于0.7。限制性疾病,例如间质性肺病,其特征是用力肺活量减少,需要进行全肺容积测定以确认诊断。呼吸系统疾病的症状多样,包括呼吸困难、咳嗽、体重减轻、喘息、运动耐量下降和胸痛等。临床评估应从广泛的病史采集开始,包括症状的性质、诱因、合并症以及既往呼吸系统疾病史。体格检查包括对患者全身情况的观察,以及对肺部的仔细检查,包括叩诊和听诊。影像学检查通常是CT扫描,结合肺功能测试,包括用力肺活量测定法、肺容积测定法和弥散量测定法。其他检查还包括超声检查、动脉血气分析等。动脉血气分析对于评估患者的氧合和通气至关重要,尤其是在二氧化碳潴留的患者中。呼吸系统疾病的表型多样性越来越受到重视,这对于指导治疗至关重要。遗传因素在呼吸系统疾病的易感性中起着重要作用,但目前对相关基因的了解还处于早期阶段。限制性肺疾病,特别是间质性肺病,病因复杂多样,包括结缔组织疾病、环境或职业暴露、药物诱导以及特发性疾病等。呼吸系统疾病的治疗方案和预后取决于疾病的类型和严重程度。气道疾病(如慢性阻塞性肺病和哮喘)的主要治疗方法是吸入疗法,而间质性肺病的主要治疗方法是糖皮质激素。晚期呼吸系统疾病的治疗选择包括肺移植、支气管内阀门植入、肺康复和支持性治疗等。肺移植需要严格的评估和术后管理。GOLD分级系统主要用于慢性阻塞性肺病的严重程度分级,结合肺功能指标和症状来确定治疗方案。评估呼吸系统疾病时,应注意多种疾病可能同时影响呼吸功能。未来呼吸系统疾病治疗的重点在于对免疫功能的深入研究,特别是针对特定炎症细胞或细胞因子的单克隆抗体疗法。 Gavin Nyman: 作为一名骨科医生,我对呼吸系统疾病的诊断和治疗过程很感兴趣,特别是关于阻塞性疾病和限制性疾病的分类,以及如何根据病史、体格检查和影像学检查结果进行诊断。我还对多学科团队在呼吸系统疾病治疗中的作用,以及晚期疾病的治疗选择,例如肺移植,很感兴趣。此外,我还想知道肺功能在不同年龄段的变化,以及运动对肺功能的影响。

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**Description:**In this episode of Aussie Med Ed, Dr. Gavin Nimon ( Orthopaedic Surgeon )) interviews Dr. Thomas Altree, a respiratory physician, to provide a comprehensive overview of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, and the effects of smoking, vaping, and air pollution.Topics covered in this episode:

  • Common respiratory diseases and their impact on lung function
  • The classification of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases
  • The risks associated with smoking, vaping, and environmental pollutants
  • Diagnostic tools, including spirometry, CT scans, and lung function tests
  • Current treatment approaches, including bronchodilators, BiPAP, and emerging monoclonal antibody therapies
  • The role of lung transplants in end-stage respiratory disease

Who should watch?

  • Medical students and general practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of respiratory medicine
  • Patients and the general public interested in lung health
  • Individuals experiencing breathing difficulties, chronic cough, or other respiratory concerns
  • This episode provides essential insights into respiratory health and disease management.

 

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