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cover of episode 'Personhood' argues fetal rights are the next frontier of the anti-abortion movement

'Personhood' argues fetal rights are the next frontier of the anti-abortion movement

2025/5/8
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Mary Ziegler: 反堕胎运动的最终目标是确立胎儿人格权,赋予胎儿和胚胎在宪法下的权利。这一运动的起源可以追溯到20世纪60年代,当时反堕胎者开始使用胎儿人格权的论点来反对改变堕胎法律。如今,几乎所有反堕胎者都认同胎儿人格权的概念,尽管他们对胎儿人格权的具体含义和法律执行方式存在分歧。 在政治语境下,胎儿人格权意味着受精卵即为独立的个体,并拥有宪法赋予的权利。这一论点也延伸到限制选民保护堕胎或体外受精的权利。 反堕胎运动将自身定位为争取平等的运动,并将其与美国历史上其他反歧视运动联系起来,例如争取有色人种民权、争取婚外生育子女的权利以及受害者权利运动。因此,争取胎儿人格权也反映了保守派重新构想宪法权利和平等的方式。 反堕胎运动将争取胎儿人格权比作一场新的内战,认为美国不能同时存在允许和禁止堕胎的州。推翻罗诉韦德案只是反堕胎运动的一个阶段性胜利,他们的最终目标是保障胎儿的权利,而非仅仅将堕胎的监管权交给各州。 如果认为受精卵即拥有权利,那么体外受精技术就可能被视为侵犯胎儿权利的行为。此外,反堕胎运动还认为某些避孕措施实际上是堕胎行为,因此应该受到监管或刑事处罚。 承认胎儿权利并不一定意味着必须惩罚堕胎者。反堕胎运动未来将更多地依赖于联邦法院,而非选民的意愿,因为他们认为选民不太可能支持将胎儿人格权的理念付诸实践。

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Mary Ziegler is a law professor at UC Davis and a leading scholar on the abortion debate. In her new book Personhood, she argues that the anti-abortion movement's ultimate goal is fetal personhood, which would give fetuses and embryos the rights of people under the Constitution. Ziegler's book makes the case that the history of this movement is crucial to our understanding of where the abortion fight is headed next. In today's episode, Ziegler talks with Here & Now's Tiziana Dearing about the legal meaning of fetal personhood, the way conservatives might reimagine constitutional equality, and whether this debate amounts to a new Civil War.To listen to Book of the Day sponsor-free and support NPR's book coverage, sign up for Book of the Day+ at plus.npr.org/bookofthedayLearn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)