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cover of episode The Best Leaders Ask the Right Questions

The Best Leaders Ask the Right Questions

2025/5/14
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HBR On Leadership

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Arnaud Chevalier
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Arnaud Chevalier: 我认为提问不同类型的问题至关重要。在时间压力下,只关注问题的一个方面可能会忽略其他方面。管理者在提问技巧方面通常不如律师、医生或心理学家,他们更多的是在工作中学习。许多管理者只掌握了某种类型的提问方式,而忽略了其他类型的提问,因为那些提问方式对他们来说不够自然。职场人士会形成自己的一套提问方式,但这种方式可能只适用于当前职位,不一定能帮助他们晋升到更高职位。尽管我们被告知要问开放式问题、跟进问题和“为什么”,但我们仍然需要更全面的指导。通过与高层管理人员的交流,我们总结出了一套问题分类法,可以帮助人们做出更好的决策,解决复杂的问题,包括调查性问题、推测性问题、生产性问题、解释性问题和主观性问题。重要的是不是你偏好哪种问题,而是具体决策或问题需要哪种问题。你的问题组合应该像瑞士军刀一样,拥有不同的刀片,并根据具体情况选择最合适的组合。如果一位首席运营官(COO)只擅长生产性问题,那么当他晋升为首席执行官(CEO)时,可能会因为看不到其他领域而出现盲点。 调查性问题有助于深入探究问题或解决方案,例如“发生了什么?”、“什么有效,什么无效?”、“问题的原因是什么?”。推测性问题(以“如果……会怎样?”为代表)通过挑战对问题的显性和隐性假设来帮助促进创新,例如“可能存在哪些其他情况?”、“我们能以不同的方式做到吗?”。生产性问题是“现在怎么办”类型的问题,用于调整工作节奏,决定是否掌握了足够的信息来立即采取行动,或者是否需要放慢速度以更深入地了解问题。解释性问题(“那又怎样?”)帮助我们将信息转化为见解,例如“这与目标如何契合?”、“我们试图实现什么?”、“我们从这个新信息中学到了什么?”。主观性问题意识到我们是在与人打交道,人们有情绪和政治议程,如果我们不接受这一点,我们可能会完全错过问题的真正所在。我真正喜欢“说了什么、听到了什么和意味着什么之间的差异”。我真的认为我需要在这方面做得更好,阅读微弱的信号,理解话语背后的含义。

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Many leaders lack formal training in asking effective questions, leading to blind spots in their decision-making. The podcast explores the challenges leaders face in asking the right questions and introduces a framework for improving inquiry skills.
  • Leaders often lack training in asking effective questions.
  • Different types of questions are needed for different situations.
  • A systematic approach to questioning can improve decision-making.

Shownotes Transcript

Few leaders have been trained to ask great questions. That might explain why they tend to be good at certain kinds of questions, and less effective at other kinds. Unfortunately, that hurts their ability to pursue strategic priorities. Arnaud Chevallier, strategy professor at IMD Business School, explains how leaders can break out of that rut and systematically ask five kinds of questions: investigative, speculative, productive, interpretive, and subjective. He shares real-life examples of how asking the right sort of question at a key time can unlock value and propel your organization. With his IMD colleagues Frédéric Dalsace and Jean-Louis Barsoux, Chevallier wrote the HBR article “The Art of Asking Smarter Questions).”

**Key episode topics include: **decision-making, problem solving, active listening, leadership strategic planning