cover of episode The Siege of Vienna

The Siege of Vienna

2025/5/11
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Dan Snow: 维也纳之围是欧洲历史上一个非常戏剧性的时刻，它标志着基督教欧洲与伊斯兰势力之间长期斗争的顶峰。城市几近被伊斯兰敌人攻占，但一支救援军队的出现，以及随后伟大的骑兵冲锋，拯救了维也纳。这场战役不仅对当时的欧洲产生了深远的影响，也激发了后世艺术家、作家和政治家的创作灵感，例如托尔金的作品就深受其影响。17世纪的欧洲正处于分裂状态，而奥斯曼帝国则受到宗教狂热的鼓舞，力图扩张并完成征服维也纳的梦想，维也纳是基督教欧洲的重要堡垒，具有重要的战略地位。 Martyn Rady: 奥斯曼帝国的扩张并非一成不变，17世纪初的宗教改革是其重要的转折点。这场改革强调严格遵守伊斯兰教法，并对苏菲派等神秘主义团体进行批判。在苏丹穆罕默德四世的统治下，帝国推行严格的社会规范，并积极寻求扩张，以实现建立“和平居所”的梦想。尽管奥斯曼帝国面临来自欧洲列强的挑战，但他们仍然拥有强大的军事和经济实力，并对维也纳抱有强烈的征服欲望。维也纳不仅具有战略价值，也是奥斯曼帝国眼中象征着基督教世界的“金苹果”，必须被伊斯兰教征服。

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Chapters
This chapter explores the Ottoman Reformation, a religious upsurge in the early 17th century that fueled Ottoman expansion. It discusses the rise of the Khadizah Dalis movement, Sultan Mehmed IV's policies, and the Ottomans' renewed focus on territorial expansion, including their ambition to capture Vienna. The Ottomans' concerns about the expanding European powers and their inability to access the Atlantic are also examined.
  • Ottoman Reformation: Quranic-based, strict reading of Islamic law
  • Khadizah Dalis movement: targeted Sufis, Shiites, and Alawites
  • Sultan Mehmed IV: active, visible monarch, pushed for expansion
  • Concerns about European powers' expansion and lack of Atlantic access

Shownotes Transcript

In the summer of 1683, Vienna was under siege. A vast Ottoman army surrounded the city, poised to breach the walls and clear the way for Ottoman expansion into Central Europe. Inside the city, famine and fear took hold. But as the city teetered on the brink of collapse, a thunderous cavalry charge broke the Ottoman lines and shattered the siege.

To tell us all about this mighty clash, we're joined by Martyn Rady, Professor Emeritus of Central European History at University College London and author of 'The Middle Kingdoms: A New History of Central Europe'. He explains why this event marked a turning point in European history.

Produced by James Hickmann and edited by Dougal Patmore.

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