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Hypnosis

2025/6/26
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In Our Time

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript
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C
Catherine Wynne
D
Devin Terhune
Q
Quinton Deeley
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Catherine Wynne: 我认为催眠术与18世纪的弗朗茨·梅斯梅尔密不可分。他认为人体内存在一种磁性流体,疾病是由于这种流体受阻所致。虽然他的治疗方法在当时备受争议,但他实际上发现了催眠的本质,即与暗示和心理有关,而非磁性流体。后来,詹姆斯·布雷德进一步发展了催眠理论,强调了暗示性和想象力的作用,并创造了一系列与催眠相关的词汇。催眠术在19世纪的文化中达到了高峰,不仅在医学和科学领域,也在文学和舞台艺术中留下了深刻的印记。新维多利亚时代运动重新审视了维多利亚时代的催眠术,并将其视为当时文化的重要组成部分。 Devin Terhune: 我认为催眠的定义存在争议,有人认为它是一种类似恍惚的意识状态,而另一些人则认为它只是一系列增强个体对口头暗示反应的程序。虽然没有明确的催眠状态标志,但研究表明,人们对催眠的反应程度差异很大,大约有10%到15%的人对催眠高度敏感。重要的是要认识到,催眠并非万能,但它可以改变我们的感知和体验。我们的信念、期望和预测会强烈影响我们的感知状态,而催眠和催眠暗示是这些影响的清晰例子。 Quinton Deeley: 我认为催眠与宗教、灵性的关系可以从暗示的概念开始理解。梅斯梅尔的实践借鉴了民间疗法和宗教,特别是附身和驱魔的实践。在19世纪,人们对非西方文化具有催眠能力的恐惧与神秘而非科学文化相关联。《德古拉》等作品也体现了当时对催眠的文化想象。催眠术的舞台表演在催眠的历史、文化接受和科学传播中都非常重要。虽然医学和科学界人士试图将自己与戏剧性的表演区分开来,但舞台表演是传播和展示催眠力量的重要载体。催眠和安慰剂效应之间存在关系,但证据不一。重要的是要认识到,暗示可以独立于非常不平等的权力关系而运作。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the origins of hypnosis in the 18th century, focusing on Franz Mesmer's practices and theories of animal magnetism. It highlights the initial skepticism from the medical community and the transition towards understanding hypnosis as a psychological process rather than a physical phenomenon.
  • Franz Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism and its initial rejection
  • James Braid's pivotal role in establishing the psychological basis of hypnosis
  • The shift from physical theories (animal magnetism) to psychological theories (suggestibility) in understanding hypnosis

Shownotes Transcript

Ever since Franz Anton Mesmer induced trance-like states in his Parisian subjects in the late eighteenth century, dressed in long purple robes, hypnosis has been associated with performance, power and the occult.

 It has exerted a powerful hold over the cultural imagination, featuring in novels and films including Bram Stoker’s Dracula and George du Maurier’s Trilby - and it was even practiced by Charles Dickens himself.

But despite some debate within the medical establishment about the scientific validity of hypnosis, it continues to be used today as a successful treatment for physical and psychological conditions. Scientists are also using hypnosis to learn more about the power of suggestion and belief.

With:

Catherine Wynne, Reader in Victorian and Early Twentieth-Century Literature and Visual Cultures at the University of Hull

Devin Terhune, Reader in Experimental Psychology at King’s College London

And

Quinton Deeley, Consultant Neuropsychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London, where he leads the Cultural and Social Neuroscience Research Group.

Producer: Eliane Glaser

Reading list:

Henri F. Ellenberger, The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry (Vol. 1, Basic Books, 1970)

William Hughes, That Devil’s Trick: Hypnotism and the Victorian Popular Imagination (Manchester University Press, 2015)

Asti Hustvedt, Medical Muses: Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century Paris (Bloomsbury, 2011)

Fred Kaplan, Dickens and Mesmerism: The Hidden Springs of Fiction (first published 1975; Princeton University Press, 2017)

Wendy Moore, The Mesmerist: The Society Doctor Who Held Victorian London Spellbound (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2017)

Michael R. Nash and Amanda J. Barnier (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis Theory, Research, and Practice (Oxford University Press, 2012)

Judith Pintar and Steven Jay Lynn, Hypnosis: A Brief History (John Wiley & Sons, 2008)

Amir Raz, The Suggestible Brain: The Science and Magic of How We Make Up Our Minds (Balance, 2024)

Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths: The Story of Hypnosis (Pan, 2004)

Alison Winter, Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain (Chicago University Press, 1998)

Fiction:

Thomas Mann, Mario and the Magician: & other stories (first published 1930; Vintage Classics, 1996)

George du Maurier, Trilby (first published 1894; Penguin Classics, 1994)

Bram Stoker, Dracula (first published 1897; Penguin Classics, 2003)

In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio production