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Maurice Merleau-Ponty

2025/4/24
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In Our Time

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K
Komarine Romdenh-Romluc
M
Melvyn Bragg
T
Thomas Baldwin
T
Timothy Mooney
节目主持人
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Melvyn Bragg: 本期节目讨论了法国哲学家莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂(1908-1961)及其现象学思想。他虽然不如萨特和波伏娃知名,但近年来在哲学界的影响力日益增长。梅洛-庞蒂批判笛卡尔身心二元论,强调知觉与身体经验的不可分割性,关注日常生活体验以及人在行动中与世界的互动。 Komarine Romdenh-Romluc: 梅洛-庞蒂在《知觉现象学》中试图重新概念化身体、意识和我们与世界的关系,以及世界本身和我们与他人的关系。他批判笛卡尔二元论对我们思维的影响,并通过分析日常习惯性动作(如刷牙)来阐释身体的意识和与世界的互动方式。他认为,通过重复这些动作,我们塑造了对世界的感知,身体本身具有一种理解世界和行动的能力。 Thomas Baldwin: 梅洛-庞蒂的思想受到胡塞尔现象学和格式塔心理学的影响。他借鉴了胡塞尔的方法,但不再寻求自明的先验真理的根基。他反对原子论的知觉观,强调知觉的整体性。他与萨特和波伏娃的友谊使他关注存在主义中的“存在”问题,即以人的生命结构为中心。他的战时经历也影响了他的思想,使他关注团结和集体行动。 Timothy Mooney: 梅洛-庞蒂关注人体是因为身体有多种意义,身体必须以某种方式出现才能让我们面向世界并融入世界。他通过截肢者的例子说明了客观身体和现象身体的区别,现象身体即使在肢体缺失的情况下依然完整。他认为意识始于知觉意识,现代哲学的一个错误是将概念和判断置于一切的底层。他强调身体表达的优先性,认为言语是思想的完成,并提出“世界的肉体”的概念,认为每一事物都暴露于世界之中,具有被感知的可能性。

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Chapters
This chapter introduces Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a French philosopher known for his work on phenomenology. It covers his life, education, and friendships with prominent figures like Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre, highlighting his early brilliance and academic achievements.
  • Merleau-Ponty's life and education
  • His relationship with Sartre and de Beauvoir
  • Early academic success

Shownotes Transcript

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961), who was part of the movement known as phenomenology. While less well-known than his contemporaries Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, his popularity has increased among philosophers in recent years. Merleau-Ponty rejected Rene Descartes’ division between body and mind, arguing that the way we perceive the world around us cannot be separated from our experience of inhabiting a physical body. Merleau-Ponty was interested in the down-to-earth question of what it is actually like to live in the world. While performing actions as simple as brushing our teeth or patting a dog, we shape the world and, in turn, the world shapes us.

With

Komarine Romdenh-Romluc Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield

Thomas Baldwin Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of York

And

Timothy Mooney Associate Professor of Philosophy at University College, Dublin

Produced by Eliane Glaser

Reading list:

Peter Antich, Motivation and the Primacy of Perception: Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Knowledge (Ohio University Press, 2021)

Dimitris Apostolopoulos, Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Language (Rowman and Littlefield, 2019)

Sarah Bakewell, At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being and Apricot Cocktails (Chatto and Windus, 2016)

Thomas Baldwin (ed.), Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Basic Writings (Routledge, 2004)

Thomas Baldwin (ed.), Reading Merleau-Ponty (Routledge, 2007)

Renaud Barbaras (trans. Ted Toadvine and Leonard Lawlor), The Being of the Phenomenon: Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology (Indiana University Press, 2004).

Anya Daly, Merleau-Ponty and the Ethics of Intersubjectivity (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)

M. C. Dillon, Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology (Northwestern University Press, 1998, 2nd ed.)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Alden L. Fisher), The Structure of Behavior (first published 1942; Beacon Press, 1976)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Donald Landes), Phenomenology of Perception (first published 1945; Routledge, 2011)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Sense and Non-Sense (first published 1948; Northwestern University Press, 1964)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Signs (first published 1960; Northwestern University Press, 1964)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Visible and the Invisible (first published 1964; Northwestern University Press, 1968)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Oliver Davis with an introduction by Thomas Baldwin), The World of Perception (Routledge, 2008)

Ariane Mildenberg (ed.), Understanding Merleau-Ponty, Understanding Modernism (Bloomsbury, 2019)

Timothy Mooney, Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception: On the Body Informed (Cambridge University Press, 2023)

Katherine J. Morris, Starting with Merleau-Ponty (Continuum, 2012)

Komarine Romdenh-Romluc, Merleau-Ponty and Phenomenology of Perception (Routledge, 2011)

Komarine Romdenh-Romluc, The Routledge Guidebook to Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception (Routledge, 2011)

Jean-Paul Sartre (trans. Benita Eisler), Situations (Hamish Hamilton, 1965)

Hilary Spurling, The Girl from the Fiction Department (Penguin, 2003)

Jon Stewart (ed.), The Debate Between Sartre and Merleau-Ponty (Northwestern University Press, 1998)

Ted Toadvine, Merleau-Ponty’s Philosophy of Nature (Northwestern University Press, 2009)

Kerry Whiteside, Merleau-Ponty and the Foundation of an Existential Politics (Princeton University Press, 1988)

Iris Marion Young, On Female Body Experience: “Throwing Like a Girl” and Other Essays (Oxford University Press, 2005)

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