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cover of episode Paul von Hindenburg

Paul von Hindenburg

2025/6/19
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In Our Time

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Melvyn Bragg: 兴登堡在德国历史中扮演了重要角色,尤其是在魏玛共和国时期。他以坦能堡战役的胜利而闻名,后来成为总统,最终任命希特勒为总理,这一举动对德国产生了灾难性的影响。人们开始质疑,兴登堡的声誉是否只是一个假象。 Chris Clark: 兴登堡的早期生活与普鲁士和德国的崛起紧密相连。他出身贵族,从小就立志成为军人。他参与了多次战争,包括与奥地利和法国的战争,这些战争塑造了德国的统一。兴登堡的职业生涯与德国民族国家的崛起息息相关,这是一个具有革命性意义的事件,因为欧洲的中心地带突然出现了一个强大的德国。 Colin Storer: 兴登堡在军事生涯中表现出色,尤其是在早期的战争中。他以勇敢和冷静著称,这为他赢得了声誉。尽管他的职业生涯并非一直辉煌,但他在关键时刻的表现使他成为一个备受尊敬的人物。在第一次世界大战中,他被任命为一个象征性的领袖,尽管他在实际决策中的作用有限,但他成功地避免了因战败而受到指责,这显示了他非凡的推卸责任的能力。 Anna von der Goltz: 兴登堡在坦能堡战役中的实际作用相对较小,但他作为象征性人物的重要性不容忽视。坦能堡战役之所以重要,是因为它发生在西线陷入僵局之际,为德国提供了一场具有决定性意义的胜利。这场战役被宣传为一场防御家园的战争,有助于巩固德国民众对战争的支持。兴登堡对战役的命名也起到了关键作用,使其具有了神话般的色彩。战后,兴登堡声称德国是被背后捅刀子,这是一种自我辩护,旨在掩盖军事失败,并将责任归咎于国内的社会主义者和和平主义者。

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Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and role of one of the most significant figures in early 20th Century German history. Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934) had been famous since 1914 as the victorious commander at the Battle of Tannenberg against Russian invaders, soon burnishing this fame on the Western Front and Hindenburg was to claim he would have won there too, if enemies at home had not 'stabbed Germany in the back'. He won Germany’s Presidential election twice during the Weimar Republic, as a candidate of national unity and, while he gained his second term as a ‘stop Hitler’ candidate, President Hindenburg was to appoint Hitler as Chancellor and transfer some of his charisma onto him – a move so disastrous that Germans were later to ask if the myth of Hindenburg had always been an illusion.

With

Anna von der Goltz Professor of History at Georgetown University, Washington DC

Chris Clark Regius Professor of History at the University of Cambridge

And

Colin Storer Associate Professor in Modern European History at the University of Warwick

Producer: Simon Tillotson

Reading list:

William J. Astore and Dennis E. Showalter, Hindenburg: Icon of German Militarism (Potomac Books, 2005)

Benjamin Carter Hett, The Death of Democracy: Hitler's Rise to Power (William Heinemann, 2018)

Andreas Dorpalen, Hindenburg and the Weimar Republic (first published 1964; Princeton University Press, 2016)

Jürgen W. Falter, 'The Two Hindenburg Elections of 1925 and 1932: A Total Reversal of Voter Coalitions' (Central European History, 32/2, 1990)

Peter Fritzsche, 'Presidential Victory and Popular Festivity in Weimar Germany: Hindenburg's 1925 Election' (Central European History, 32/2, 1990)

Larry Eugene Jones, Hitler Versus Hindenburg: The 1932 Presidential Elections and the End of the Weimar Republic (Cambridge University Press, 2016)

Martin Kitchen, The Silent Dictatorship: The Politics of the German High Command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916-1918 (first published 1976; Routledge, 2021)

John Lee, The Warlords: Hindenburg and Ludendorff (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005)

Frank McDonough, The Weimar Years: Rise and Fall, 1918-1933 (Apollo, 2023)

Nadine Rossol and Benjamin Ziemann (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Weimar Republic (Oxford University Press, 2022)

Richard Scully, 'Hindenburg: The Cartoon Titan of the Weimar Republic, 1918-1934' (German Studies Review, 35/3, 2012)

Colin Storer, A Short History of the Weimar Republic (Revised Edition, Bloomsbury, 2024)

Anna von der Goltz, Hindenburg: Power, Myth and the Rise of the Nazis (Oxford University Press, 2009)

Alexander Watson, Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary at War, 1914-1918 (Penguin, 2015)

J. W. Wheeler-Bennett, Hindenburg: The Wooden Titan (first published 1936; Macmillan, 1967)

In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production