cover of episode The Korean Empire

The Korean Empire

2025/5/29
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In Our Time

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D
Derek Kramer
H
Holly Stephens
N
Nuri Kim
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Nuri Kim: 我认为朝鲜王朝通过长达500年的统治,展示了非凡的生存能力。为了在强大的中国邻国面前维持生存,我们采取了朝贡外交,扮演忠诚的附庸角色,以此换取实际上的自治。建立大韩帝国,可以看作是王朝为了延续自身所做的又一次努力。 Holly Stephens: 我认为在19世纪中叶之前,西方列强对朝鲜的兴趣不大。朝鲜通过朝贡使团了解西方在华的活动,并视与西方的接触为潜在的威胁。为了避免中国的干涉,我们采取了闭关锁国的政策。高宗即位后,开始采取较为温和的对外政策,但仍然对西方保持警惕。 Derek Kramer: 我认为当时的改革主要集中在国家集权项目上,例如重建景福宫和建设现代军队。然而,在社会经济层面,朝鲜正经历着巨大的变革,新的作物和市场涌现,人口结构也在发生变化。中国在19世纪80年代重新加强了对朝鲜半岛的控制,这与朝鲜军队的改革密切相关。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The Joseon dynasty, ruling Korea for 500 years, demonstrated remarkable survival skills despite threats from foreign invasions. Their survival was achieved through diplomatic finesse, flattery, tributary missions to China, and maintaining autonomy.
  • Yi dynasty ruled Korea for 500 years
  • Korea's name was Joseon
  • Survived Japanese and Manchu invasions
  • Tributary missions to China crucial for survival
  • Name 'Korea' originates from Goguryeo kingdom

Shownotes Transcript

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Korea's brief but significant period as an empire as it moved from the 500-year-old dynastic Joseon monarchy towards modernity. It was in October 1897 that King Gojong declared himself Emperor, seizing his chance when the once-dominant China lost to Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War. The king wanted to have the same status as the neighbouring Russian, Chinese and Japanese Emperors, to shore up a bid for Korean independence and sovereignty when the world’s major powers either wanted to open Korea up to trade or to colonise it. The Korean Empire lasted only thirteen years, yet it was a time of great transformation for this state and the whole region with lasting consequences in the next century…

With

Nuri Kim Associate Professor in Korean Studies at the faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Wolfson College

Holly Stephens Lecturer in Japanese and Korean Studies at the University of Edinburgh

And

Derek Kramer Lecturer in Korean Studies at the University of Sheffield

Producer: Simon Tillotson

Reading list:

Isabella Bird Bishop, Korea and her Neighbors: A Narrative of Travel, With an Account of the Recent Vicissitudes and Present Position of the Country (first published 1898; Forgotten Books, 2019)

Vipan Chandra, Imperialism, Resistance and Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century Korea: Enlightenment and the Independence Club (University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies, 1988)

Peter Duus, The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1859-1910 (University of California Press, 1995)

Carter J. Eckert, Offspring of Empire: The Koch'ang Kims and the Colonial Origins of Korean Capitalism, 1876–1910 (University of Washington Press, 1991)

George L. Kallander, Salvation through Dissent: Tonghak Heterodoxy and Early Modern Korea (University of Hawaii Press, 2013)

Kim Dong-no, John B. Duncan and Kim Do-hyung (eds.), Reform and Modernity in the Taehan Empire (Jimoondang, 2006)

Kirk W. Larsen, Tradition, Treaties, and Trade: Qing Imperialism and Chosŏn Korea, 1850-1910 (Harvard University Asia Center, 2008)

Yumi Moon, Populist Collaborators: The Ilchinhoe and the Japanese Colonization of Korea, 1896-1910 (Cornell University Press, 2013)

Sung-Deuk Oak, The Making of Korean Christianity: Protestant Encounters with Korean Religions, 1876-1915 (Baylor University Press, 2013)

Eugene T. Park, A Family of No Prominence: The Descendants of Pak Tŏkhwa and the Birth of Modern Korea (Stanford University Press, 2020)

Michael E. Robinson, Korea’s Twentieth-Century Odyssey: A Short History (University of Hawaii Press, 2007)

Andre Schmid, Korea Between Empires, 1895-1919 (Columbia University Press, 2002)

Vladimir Tikhonov, Social Darwinism and Nationalism in Korea: The Beginnings, 1880s-1910s (Brill, 2010)

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