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cover of episode The Vienna Secession

The Vienna Secession

2025/7/3
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In Our Time

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D
Diane Silverthorne
L
Leslie Topp
M
Mark Berry
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Diane Silverthorne: 作为一名艺术史学家,我认为维也纳分离派的兴起是1897-1898年,古斯塔夫·克里姆特带领一批激进艺术家脱离了维也纳的文化机构。当时,克里姆特已经是一位颇有名气的艺术家,受到政府的认可。他曾为哈布斯堡皇帝委托建造的新建筑装饰面板。为了能够参展,克里姆特必须加入当时维也纳唯一的展览机构Kunsthaus。然而,Kunsthaus和维也纳美术学院在艺术推广和展览方面非常保守,这使得许多年轻艺术家感到沮丧。因此,克里姆特试图在Kunsthaus内部创建一个分支团体,以争取更多的展览自由,但最终未能成功。之后,他辞去了Kunsthaus的职务,并在两年内将分离派建立为维也纳领先的先锋艺术团体。克里姆特的肖像画并非为了描绘人物的个性,而是通过装饰元素来讲述维也纳表面之下的故事,人物的面部和手部通常显得紧张,以此来反映当时的社会氛围。 Mark Berry: 我认为分离派的出现,实际上意味着脱离官方机构,创建自己的组织。分离派基本上意味着脱离现状,从组织结构上脱离视觉艺术领域。在当时的咖啡馆里,任何人都可以进入阅读报纸、喝咖啡和讨论,这为分离派的形成提供了场所。与此同时,音乐家们也在做着类似的事情,试图摆脱维也纳音乐机构的束缚。分离派通过他们的期刊《圣春》(Ver Sacrum)进行宣传,强调艺术的及时性,这是一种现代主义的象征。 Leslie Topp: 作为一名建筑历史学家,我认为分离派最初都是维也纳视觉艺术家协会的成员。1890年代,年轻艺术家的作品被Kunstlerhaus的评审团拒绝,引发了一系列丑闻。例如,约瑟夫·恩格尔哈特的一幅年轻女性裸体水彩画因其自然主义风格和道德原因被评审团拒绝。这促使年轻艺术家们聚集在一起,寻求在机构内部进行变革,但最终他们放弃了它。分离派的名称来源于罗马共和国时期平民撤离城市以抗议精英统治的事件。总的来说,分离派的出现是当时社会文化变革的体现。

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The Vienna Secession emerged in 1897 as a group of artists broke away from the conservative Kunstlerhaus. Led by Gustav Klimt, they aimed to create art specific to Austria and revitalize life through a unified art form encompassing fine arts, applied arts, and architecture.
  • Secession's founding in 1897
  • Klimt's leadership
  • breakaway from conservative Kunstlerhaus
  • aims to create Austrian-specific art
  • integration of fine arts, applied arts, and architecture

Shownotes Transcript

In 1897, Gustav Klimt led a group of radical artists to break free from the cultural establishment of Vienna and found a movement that became known as the Vienna Secession.

In the vibrant atmosphere of coffee houses, Freudian psychoanalysis and the music of Wagner and Mahler, the Secession sought to bring together fine art and music with applied arts such as architecture and design.

The movement was characterized by Klimt’s stylised paintings, richly decorated with gold leaf, and the art nouveau buildings that began to appear in the city, most notably the Secession Building, which housed influential exhibitions of avant-garde art and was a prototype of the modern art gallery. The Secessionists themselves were pioneers in their philosophy and way of life, aiming to immerse audiences in unified artistic experiences that brought together visual arts, design, and architecture.

 With:

Mark Berry, Professor of Music and Intellectual History at Royal Holloway, University of London

Leslie Topp, Professor Emerita in History of Architecture at Birkbeck, University of London

And

Diane Silverthorne, art historian and 'Vienna 1900' scholar

Producer: Eliane Glaser

Reading list:

Mark Berry, Arnold Schoenberg: Critical Lives (Reaktion Books, 2018)

Gemma Blackshaw, Facing the Modern: The Portrait in Vienna 1900 (National Gallery Company, 2013)

Elizabeth Clegg, Art, Design and Architecture in Central Europe, 1890-1920 (Yale University Press, 2006)

Richard Cockett, Vienna: How the City of Ideas Created the Modern World (Yale University Press, 2023)

Stephen Downes, Gustav Mahler (Reaktion Books, 2025)

Peter Gay, Freud, Jews, and Other Germans: Masters and Victims in Modernist Culture (Oxford University Press, 1979)

Tag Gronberg, Vienna: City of Modernity, 1890-1914 (Peter Lang, 2007)

Allan S. Janik and Hans Veigl, Wittgenstein in Vienna: A Biographical Excursion Through the City and its History (Springer/Wien, 1998)

Jill Lloyd and Christian Witt-Dörring (eds.), Vienna 1900: Style and Identity (Hirmer Verlag, 2011)

William J. McGrath, Dionysian Art and Populist Politics in Austria (Yale University Press, 1974)

Tobias Natter and Christoph Grunenberg (eds.), Gustav Klimt: Painting, Design and Modern Life (Tate, 2008)

Carl E. Schorske, Fin-de-siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (Vintage, 1979)

Elana Shapira, Style and Seduction: Jewish Patrons, Architecture and Design in Fin-de-Siècle Vienna (Brandeis University Press, 2016)

Diane V Silverthorne, Dan Reynolds and Megan Brandow-Faller, Die Fläche: Design and Lettering of the Vienna Secession, 1902-1911 (Letterform Archive, 2023)

Edward Timms, Karl Kraus: Apocalyptic Satirist: Culture & Catastrophe in Habsburg Vienna (Yale University Press, 1989)

Leslie Topp, Architecture and Truth in Fin-de-Siècle Vienna (Cambridge University Press, 2004)

Peter Vergo, Art in Vienna, 1898-1918: Klimt, Kokoschka, Schiele and Their Contemporaries (4th ed., Phaidon, 2015)

Hans-Peter Wipplinger (ed.), Vienna 1900: Birth of Modernism (Walther & Franz König, 2019)

Hans-Peter Wipplinger (ed.), Masterpieces from the Leopold Museum (Walther & Franz König)

Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday: An Autobiography (University of Nebraska Press, 1964)

In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Melvyn Bragg and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.