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cover of episode Here's Why Trump's Executive Orders Have Limits

Here's Why Trump's Executive Orders Have Limits

2025/1/24
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Here's Why

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Adriana Lowenkron
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Adriana Lowenkron: 我认为行政命令是具有法律约束力的指令,它们指导各机构如何执行现有的联邦法律。但是,至关重要的是,行政命令的合法性取决于其是否与国会通过的法律相符。如果行政命令与现行法律相抵触,它可以被法律挑战,甚至被法院宣布为非法。行政命令不能用来赋予行政部门超越现有法律的权力,也不能绕过国会立法这一既定的权力制衡机制。行政命令的效力,取决于其是否是对现有法律的合理解读,而不是创造新的法律或权力。 行政命令可以被那些直接受其影响的个人或团体提出法律挑战。例如,针对特朗普总统试图终止出生公民权的行政命令,移民团体已经提起诉讼。法院将根据法律依据来裁决该命令是否与现行法律或宪法相抵触。 国会虽然不能直接推翻行政命令,但可以通过立法来削弱行政部门执行命令的能力,从而构成对行政命令的制衡。 总统在就职第一天签署大量行政命令的情况并不少见,尤其是在总统与前任总统来自不同政党的情况下,这通常是为了推翻前任总统的政策。然而,这种做法也容易受到批评,因为它可能被视为一种临时性的、容易被撤销的议程推进方式,并且可能绕过传统的权力制衡机制。 如果总统的政党在国会没有多数席位,总统可能会更多地依赖行政命令来推动其政治议程。这种做法也招致批评,因为它被认为绕过了美国体制中由国会负责制定法律的传统权力制衡机制。因此,行政命令的有效性和合法性,关键在于其必须是对现有法律的解释,而不是创造新的权力。

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Executive orders are legally binding mandates that direct agencies on implementing existing federal law. They are limited; they cannot grant the executive branch additional power or create new laws, only interpret and carry out existing ones. They can be challenged in court if deemed inconsistent with congressional statutes.
  • Executive orders are legally binding mandates.
  • They direct agencies on implementing existing federal law.
  • They cannot grant the executive branch additional power.
  • They can be challenged in court if inconsistent with congressional statutes.

Shownotes Transcript

Donald Trump has started his Presidency by signing dozens of executive orders, taking action in areas from energy, to immigration, to withdrawing the United States from the World Health Organization and the Paris climate accord. How powerful are these instruments, and how can they be challenged? Bloomberg White House reporter Hadriana Lowenkron joins host Stephen Carroll to explain.

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