Is Turkmenistan finally closing the “gates of hell”?
What in the World
Deep Dive
What is the Darvaza Crater and why is it called the 'gates of hell'?
The Darvaza Crater, located in the Karakum Desert of Turkmenistan, is a massive fiery pit that has been burning for over 50 years. It is called the 'gates of hell' due to its dramatic appearance, especially at night, where it serves as the only light source for miles around.
How did the Darvaza Crater form and why has it been burning for so long?
The crater likely formed in 1971 during Soviet-era oil drilling when a pocket of natural gas was hit, causing the ground to collapse and release methane. To prevent the gas from spreading, it was set on fire, but it tapped into a vast underground gas reservoir, causing it to burn continuously for decades.
Who is George Kourounis and what did he experience inside the Darvaza Crater?
George Kourounis is an explorer who, in 2013, became the only person known to descend into the Darvaza Crater. He described it as a terrifying yet beautiful experience, comparing it to visiting another planet. He spent 17 minutes at the bottom collecting soil samples in extreme heat.
Why is Turkmenistan trying to extinguish the Darvaza Crater?
Turkmenistan aims to extinguish the crater due to environmental concerns, as it burns a million cubic feet of gas daily, contributing to climate change. Additionally, the gas could be harvested and sold instead of being wasted. The government also sees it as a way to improve its international image.
What progress has been made in extinguishing the Darvaza Crater?
Satellite imagery shows a 50% reduction in flames over the past year, indicating progress in efforts to extinguish the crater. The government plans to tap into the gas reservoir further upstream to harvest and sell the gas, potentially ending the fire permanently.
What is Turkmenistan's political and economic situation?
Turkmenistan, rich in natural gas with the fourth-largest deposits globally, has struggled economically despite its resources. Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, it has been ruled by autocratic leaders, including Saparmurat Niyazov and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, with a poor human rights record and limited global engagement.
Why has it taken so long for Turkmenistan to address the Darvaza Crater?
Extinguishing the crater is technically challenging, as it requires cutting off the gas supply. Additionally, Turkmenistan's political isolation, economic struggles, and indecision about how to handle the crater delayed action. Recent efforts reflect a growing focus on environmental and economic concerns.
- Darvaza Crater is 70 meters wide and 30 meters deep.
- It was accidentally ignited in 1971 during Soviet-era oil drilling.
- Explorer George Kourounis was the first person to descend into the crater.
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