A Syrian Jewish leader returns from exile to a sanction crippled country
State of the World from NPR
Deep Dive
- Crippling sanctions imposed on Syria by Western countries have severely hampered its reconstruction efforts.
- Essential infrastructure like hospitals and the power grid remain severely damaged due to the lack of resources and spare parts.
- The sanctions have created a black market and limited access to foreign goods and financial support.
- Both the Syrian government and its citizens believe that lifting sanctions is necessary for rebuilding the country and enabling the return of refugees.
Shownotes Transcript
0 这条消息来自ICF。我们与政府和行业合作，推动能源创新，改善健康状况，并利用技术和人工智能来实现任务成功，让我们一起建设一个更具韧性的世界。请访问ICF.com。
今天的世界状况节目中，我们将探讨对叙利亚的制裁如何阻碍这个饱受多年内战摧残的国家的重建。几十年流亡后，美国叙利亚犹太人返回大马士革，追溯他们古老的根源。
您正在收听NPR播出的《世界状况》节目，这是当天最重要的国际新闻，我们身临其境地报道事件发生地。今天是2025年2月25日星期二。我是卡罗琳·凯利。今天，我们为您带来来自叙利亚记者的两则报道。
一则充满希望，另一则讲述了变革缓慢带来的沮丧。稍后，我们将讲述几十年流亡后，一些叙利亚犹太社群成员正在考虑返回他们古老的家园。但首先……
几十年来，西方国家对叙利亚实施了一层又一层的严厉制裁，以惩罚该国的独裁政权。该政权于12月垮台后，欧盟暂停了一些制裁措施。
但许多制裁仍然有效。叙利亚人表示，制裁正在阻碍重建这个饱受多年内战摧残的国家的任何希望。NPR的Emily Fang和Jawad Raskala从伊德利卜报道。叙利亚几乎没有基本的公共设施在运作。医院几乎没有设备。整个街区都被夷为平地，无人修复。大部分电网仍然瘫痪。你好。
工程师易卜拉欣·哈梅朱带我们参观了叙利亚为数不多的几个仍在运行的配电站之一。这个变压器比我还老，但它确实很旧。变压器锈蚀严重，被煤渣块包裹着，以保护它免受炮击。如此小心谨慎，是因为它由于美国的制裁而实际上无法更换。
其中一些制裁始于20世纪70年代。然而，大多数制裁是在2000年代之后实施的，切断了银行业务和大部分贸易，以惩罚叙利亚的前政权纵容伊斯兰极端分子。然后，为了回应内战期间的侵犯人权行为，
对叙利亚的制裁非常严格，以至于在2019年之后，任何被发现帮助叙利亚人逃避美国制裁的人也将受到制裁。这只是一个黑市交易，对吧？这是大马士革居民塔雷克·拉万吉。他经营着一家超市，还教高中经济学。他教的一个重要主题是制裁的影响。所以当我们打开书，阅读关于制裁的内容时，
我告诉他们，你们现在正在经历书中的内容，因为他们可以看到所有的制裁。例如，叙利亚拥有丰富的自然资源，如棉花和石油。但拉万吉指出，将其进行国际贸易很困难。即使是他为自己的超市购买外国商品也很困难，因为叙利亚在几十年的制裁后没有外汇储备。
他表达了几乎所有叙利亚人的感受，即制裁惩罚了他们也憎恨的旧政权。但该政权现在已经垮台，拉万吉现在希望解除制裁。然后我们可以重建我们的国家，无需任何国家的财政支持。叙利亚临时政府告诉NPR，它希望吸引大约600万在内战期间逃往国外的公民返回。
但要做到这一点，新的电力部长奥马尔·沙克鲁克说，他们需要向他们证明，国家将重建他们的家园，并提供电力等基本服务。他说，资金是最大的障碍。他现在可以与有兴趣为叙利亚建设新的电网的外国公司进行交谈，但他们不允许投资。任何银行都不允许处理他们进入叙利亚的交易。
沙克鲁克想要修复的项目之一是叙利亚北部的这家热电厂。
它建于1979年。当时，这是一项令人印象深刻的工程壮举。工厂主任穆罕默德·阿尔-穆罕默德向我展示了制裁如何阻碍这座庞大工厂的各个部分。曾经吸入富氧空气为熔炉供气的巨大风扇发动机……
现在已经锈蚀得无法修复了。冷却水泵也停止运行了。工程师马赞·阿尔-阿瓦 painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly painstakingly 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