cover of episode Pope Francis: funeral, conclave and beyond

Pope Francis: funeral, conclave and beyond

2025/4/26
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J
Jessica DiNapoli
P
Philip Pallela
T
Tara Oaks
播音员
主持著名true crime播客《Crime Junkie》的播音员和创始人。
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播音员: 我认为教宗方济各的去世对许多人来说如同失去一位家人成员,他是一位平易近人、虔诚的教会领袖,他使教会更容易亲近。他的离世标志着一个时代的结束,也开启了教会未来走向的新篇章。下个月,枢机主教们将在西斯廷教堂选举他的继任者,这将对天主教教会的未来产生深远的影响。 Philip Pallela: 教宗方济各的去世氛围比教宗若望保禄二世时更平静,因为他去世时比较私密。他的教宗任期复杂,部分原因是本笃十六世在世,且保守派质疑方济各的教宗地位。方济各的遗产在于他尽可能地接触社会边缘群体,例如移民、穷人和被社会忽视的人群。他是一位友好、人性化且注重个人关系的人,我曾多次采访他,他总是很乐意与人交流。然而,他在解决教会性侵丑闻方面不够成功,尽管他努力尝试,起初他并没有充分认识到问题的严重性。 Jessica DiNapoli: 美国天主教在全球天主教中虽然占比不高,但在美国国内及全球影响力都很大。美国天主教内部存在保守派和自由派的分裂,他们与方济各的观点存在差异。美国保守派天主教徒反对方济各在同性恋婚姻祝福和移民问题上的立场。自由派天主教徒赞同方济各在社会正义和环境问题上的立场。美国天主教保守派兴起是出于对教会变得过于自由化以及西方社会自由化趋势的反应。美国保守派枢机主教可能与非洲保守派枢机主教结盟,以影响下一任教宗的选举。 Tara Oaks: 教宗选举的教宗选举会议是一个秘密且庄严的仪式,大约133名枢机主教将参加。教宗选举会议在西斯廷教堂举行,枢机主教们宣誓保密。枢机主教们每天进行四次投票,如果获得三分之二多数票,则选举产生新教宗。投票结果通过烟雾颜色来公布:白烟表示选出新教宗,黑烟则表示未选出。新教宗当选后,会在“泪之室”换上白袍,然后在圣彼得大教堂阳台上宣布当选。教宗选举结果难以预测,许多被认为是理想人选的人最终并未当选。帕罗林枢机主教和塔格莱枢机主教是潜在的教宗人选,塔格莱枢机主教如果当选,将是首位来自亚洲的教宗。枢机主教们需要决定下一任教宗的政策方向:是延续方济各的进步政策,还是采取更保守的路线。帕罗林枢机主教被认为是中间派人选,更容易获得不同派别的支持。欧洲天主教徒人数下降,枢机主教们需要考虑是否选择来自亚洲或非洲等天主教发展地区的人选。下一任教宗很可能会比方济各更保守,但极端保守派人选不太可能当选。新教宗需要在保持连续性的同时,解决教会面临的重大问题。 supporting_evidences It's a very composed atmosphere. I would say that it's less emotional than it was when Pope John Paul II died, ... Francis did not live in those papal apartments. He lived in a small two or three-room suite in a Vatican guest house. And so he died alone with nobody under his window praying, etc. There were a couple of doctors and nurses in there, but for the most part, he died a very private life. So his papacy was a very complicated one. One of the main reasons was that Pope Benedict did not die, he resigned, and stayed in the Vatican far from the limelight to a certain extent. But there was always the presence of another man who was also dressed in white, in the Vatican. And because Pope Benedict was much more conservative, the conservative wing of the church that did not like some of the changes that Francis was trying to initiate, some of them denied the actual validity of Francis's papacy. And many of them just outwardly said, you know, that Benedict is still my pope. But Francis's legacy, I think, will be that he reached out as much as possible to the people who are disenfranchised in society, now that might be migrants, that might be poor people, it might be people who've been pushed aside to the periphery, people who live in communities that been overlooked. I think that they will feel the greatest loss in the passing of Pope Francis. Very friendly, very human, very personal. I accompanied him on all of the foreign trips and I interviewed him twice. Both interviews lasted about two hours. The first one, this is very unusual for an interview with a major leader. The two of us were the only ones in the room. So there were no media minders, no nobody, no spokespeople. It's incredible. It was charming. He really liked to laugh and he liked to tell little jokes and things like that. Yes. It needs to be said that it is very clear that Francis did not succeed in trying to put an end to the sexual abuse scandals. Now, he tried hard, but he had a tin ear towards the beginning of this papacy where he did not really... acknowledged the depth of it. That changed a few years into his papacy. It was slow going. He did some things and he did change some church laws and he did put some legislation in place to make it easier to bring bishops to justice. But the advocates for victims of sexual abuse were correct in saying that he didn't do enough. Francis' funeral is going to be a who's who gathering of world leaders, right? President Trump will be there, Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine. And Francis' opinions on global issues did put him at odds with some of the attendees, right? For the most part, he had good relations with most countries around the world. It all depends on their political leaders. So obviously, in a situation like the United States, obviously, with a president like Trump, he clearly did not agree at all with Trump's views on immigration, mass deportation, those kind of things there. So the tension was more between, say, the Pope and leaders rather than the Pope and people. people of a country, for the most part, okay? Well, in the grand scheme of things, when you look at global Catholicism, U.S. Catholics are less than 10%, but the U.S. is very wealthy and very influential. And then if you look at just the U.S. as a country, Catholics make up about 20% of the population. So in the U.S. itself, Catholics are a big part of the population. Now, I think it's important to kind of understand that. So by and large, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops had a lot of similar views to Pope Francis. But within U.S. Catholicism, there is this growing group of politically conservative and theologically conservative Catholics that butted heads with him. They strongly disagreed with him, but that group, though it's small and growing, it is a minority. Pope Francis was relatively open to doing blessings of same-sex couples. That's something that people balked against. He also was openly critical of Trump's plans to deport millions of There is a strain of Catholicism that is very involved in social justice and social teaching. And liberal Catholics, of which there are many, did love Pope Francis and aligned with his views on environmental justice, on protecting the rights of migrants, on giving blessing to St. same-sex couples. So what I've been told from experts is like people attending a Latin mass, women wearing lace coverings on their head, no birth control. What's behind it is it's almost a reaction. It's a reaction to the Catholic Church becoming too liberal in over decades, like incorporating more pop music into masses, having like looser sermons from priests. It's kind of a reaction to that. And it's a reaction to the rest of Western society, which is quite liberal. The way these believers see it, there's not a lot to hold on to from a values perspective and the rest of Western culture. So they're going back to the old ways to a very traditional church with a very big sense of a community. What's interesting is from an expert that I spoke to is that conservative cardinals in the U.S. could could align with cardinals in Africa who are quite conservative, particularly on homosexuality, to influence the selection of the next pope to be a pope who is more conservative, less like Francis, rather than one that is a little bit more progressive, kind of in the image of Francis. Right. And some people have seen the movie Conclave, but I did talk to Phil about how a conclave works in real life. So it is believed that the number of cardinals who will go into the Sistine Chapel to vote for the next pope will be around 133, more or less. There's a mass that is a procession into the Sistine Chapel, and one by one they take an oath of secrecy on pain of excommunication, never to reveal what happens in that room, swearing in inside the Sistine Chapel. It's a magnificent place, frescoed by Michelangelo. Anyway, so they will, cardinal electors will have four votes a day in two sessions, and they will write the last name of a cardinal on a small square piece of paper. They were told to fold it several times, also encouraged to disguise their handwriting if they want to. And then these pieces of paper are put into a chalice of some kind. And then they are brought up to a table in the front where there are the scrutiners who will then count them. and then announce the names of the candidates as they are being read out. And if a two-thirds majority has voted for the same person, then the new pope has been elected. If not, these ballots are then put, a needle is used to thread them into one bunch, and they are then put in a stove, which is not always in a Sistine Chapel, it's put in specifically for the conclave, and ballots are put into the stove with a chemical additive that if no pope has been elected, it will emit black smoke. If a pope has been elected, it will emit white smoke. What happens then is that the new pope is taken into a very small room which is called the Room of Tears because it's just so emotionally packed. In that room, there will be waiting three white cassock small, medium, and large. It's very simple because nobody knows who's going to be elected pope. And then outside, the curtains under the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica will open, and a cardinal will come out and say to the world, abemus papam, which in Latin means we have a pope. And everybody will go crazy, cheering and clapping, etc, So are there any indications at this point in support coalescing around any figures as a potential successor? There's a Roman saying, it says, he who enters the conclave as a pope comes out as a cardinal, meaning the people who are considered perfect candidates by either the media or Catholics around the world, whatever, are very often surprised. One of the main candidates that pre-conclave coalescence has seemed to be forming around him is the Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin, who is Italian. The main point in his favor is that he is known by all the cardinal electors because he has traveled to them, other people who have been named as possible papal candidates is Cardinal Tagre. He is now a Vatican official in Rome, but he is Filipino. He was once the Cardinal-Elect Bishop of Manila. He's very personable. He speaks a lot of languages. He would be the first pope from Asia. He's relatively young for the pope, maybe a little bit under 70. The cardinals have to decide what is the job description today for a leader of 1.4 billion Roman Catholics. Do we want to continue with Francis's kind of progressive policies? Do we want to sort of have a more staid, less eventful papacy, just sort of managing the church between Francis's papacy and another papacy? They will have to decide that. And so one of the reasons that Padillin is also one of the frontrunners is because he's right there in the middle. He could get both progressive votes and conservative conservative votes, whereas Tagliatelle would probably not get too many conservative votes because he's seen as too much like Francis. And other people who are too conservative would not get the progressive votes. Europe is in great decline. These traditionally Catholic countries like France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, church attendance is way down in all of them. So the Cardinals will have to decide, do we want somebody from the old continent that basically represents where Catholicism is not being as practiced at any level near where it was, or Or do we want to be bold and elect somebody from places where the church is growing in Asia? I think it's almost a given that he'll be more conservative than Francis was. Whether it would be much more conservative than Francis was, probably not. Francis has elected more than 80% of the cardinal electors, so they've got to be, to a certain extent, they see things the same way Francis saw things. But not exclusively. He appointed moderates. They didn't attack him publicly. There were some conservatives who attacked him publicly, even sometimes to the point of insulting him and saying, that the church is like a ship without the rudder, kind of stuff like that. So it's very doubtful that someone who is an extreme conservative is going to be elected because you just won't get the number of votes. One of the main things that the Cardinals will be looking for is a certain amount of continuity. The new Pope can't just say, And day one, whoever's chosen. We have a situation out there where there's several major wars. So I think the first thing is going to be peace. It's going to be like more of a universal thing rather than an internal issue. And then obviously, there's going to have to confront the internal issues of whether the church continues opening up to groups such as homosexuals and others who felt marginalized marginalized in the past, whether it's going to be very important if the Pope continues along that line as open as Francis was. The issue of women in the church is going to be important for whoever gets elected.

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全世界都在向教宗方济各作最后的告别。在本期路透社世界新闻播客特别节目中,我们将回顾他的遗产,以及选择他的继任者的秘密会议将如何塑造天主教会的未来。

了解更多关于您的广告选择的信息。请访问 megaphone.fm/adchoices</context> <raw_text>0 这就像一位家人,不是吗?一位非常贴近我们内心的人,一位使教会更容易亲近的人。他是一位教会的父亲,也是我圣洁的榜样。他是一位平凡而美好的人,以最真诚的方式过着追随耶稣的生活。来自世界各地的数万人涌向梵蒂冈,向教宗方济各致敬。

下个月,罗马天主教枢机主教们将聚集在西斯廷教堂,选举他的继任者。在本期路透社世界新闻特别节目中,我们将回顾方济各的遗产,他在继承一个严重分裂的教会后留下的遗产。选择新教宗的来龙去脉。以及他的继任者在解决当今教会面临的诸多问题时可能采取的方向。我是芝加哥的克里斯托弗·沃尔格斯珀。我是利物浦的塔拉·奥克斯。

在新百伦,我们相信,如果你跑步,你就是一个跑步者。无论你选择如何去做。因为当你不用担心以正确的方式做事时,你就可以自由地发现自己的方式。这就是跑步的意义所在。在新百伦网站newbalance.com/running上找到你的跑步方式。

本周末,天主教会的盛况将得到充分展现,因为它将聚集在一起埋葬其领导人。教宗方济各摒弃了教宗制度的大部分浮华和特权,改变了现代教宗的面貌。下一任教宗会这样做吗?

菲利普·帕莱拉为路透社服务了40年,负责报道梵蒂冈的新闻,本周他被从退休中请回为我们报道。嗨,菲尔。嗨,你好吗?很高兴见到你。很高兴听到你的声音。很高兴见到你。本周那里的气氛如何?气氛非常平静。我想说的是,这比教宗约翰·保罗二世去世时的情绪要低落,而且

那是因为他病危了好几天。他房间里的灯一直亮着,人们在下面的广场上祈祷。方济各不住在那些教宗公寓里。他住在梵蒂冈宾馆的一个两三间套房里。

所以他独自一人去世,没有人在他窗外祈祷等等。那里有几个医生和护士,但总的来说,他过着非常私密的生活。他的教宗生涯将由什么来定义?

所以他的教宗生涯非常复杂。主要原因之一是教宗本笃十六世没有去世,他辞职了,并在一定程度上远离了梵蒂冈的聚光灯。但总是有另一个穿着白色衣服的人在场,

在梵蒂冈。由于教宗本笃十六世更为保守,教会的保守派不喜欢方济各试图发起的一些变革,他们中的一些人否认方济各教宗地位的有效性。他们中的许多人公开表示,你知道,本笃十六世仍然是我的教宗。但我认为,方济各的遗产将是他尽可能地向

那些在社会中被剥夺权利的人伸出援手,这些人可能是移民,可能是穷人,可能是被排斥到边缘的人,是生活在被忽视的社区的人。我认为,他们会在方济各去世后感到最大的损失。当然,你见过他,你在他整个教宗任期内都对他进行了报道。你认为他这个人怎么样?

非常友好,非常有人情味,非常个人化。我陪他参加了所有的国外旅行,我还采访了他两次。两次采访都持续了大约两个小时。第一次,对于对一位主要领导人的采访来说,这是非常不寻常的。我们两个人是房间里唯一的人。所以没有媒体顾问,没有人,没有发言人。令人难以置信。这很有魅力。他真的很喜欢笑,他喜欢讲一些笑话之类的事情。

但这并非一切顺利,对吧?他对教会内部的一些持续存在的问题作何反应?例如,持续不断的虐待丑闻。是的。必须要说的是,很明显,方济各并没有成功地试图结束性虐待丑闻。现在,他努力尝试了,但在他的教宗生涯初期,他对这个问题缺乏认识……

承认其严重性。在他当教宗的几年后,这种情况发生了变化。进展缓慢。他做了一些事情,他确实改变了一些教会法,他确实制定了一些立法,使将主教绳之以法更容易。但性虐待受害者的倡导者说得对,他做得不够。

方济各的葬礼将是世界领导人的盛会,对吧?特朗普总统将会出席,乌克兰的泽连斯基也会出席。而方济各对全球问题的看法确实让他与一些与会者产生了分歧,对吧?

总的来说,他与世界各国的大多数国家关系良好。这完全取决于他们的政治领导人。因此,很明显,在美国这样的情况下,很明显,像特朗普这样的总统,他显然完全不同意特朗普关于移民、大规模驱逐出境等问题的观点。因此,紧张关系更多的是在教宗和领导人之间,而不是在教宗和人民之间。

大多数国家的人民,好吗?在美国,教会有一个非常强大的保守派,他们用一个巨大的麦克风批评方济各。现在,这些美国天主教徒最近一直备受关注。美国副总统J.D.万斯,一位皈依天主教的人,是方济各去世前公开会见的最后几个人之一。

我们的记者杰西卡·迪纳波利一直在调查美国天主教社区的突出地位。感谢你的邀请。首先,为什么美国的教会现在如此受关注?

好吧,从宏观角度来看,如果你看看全球天主教,美国天主教徒不到10%,但美国非常富有,而且影响力很大。然后,如果你只看美国这个国家,天主教徒约占人口的20%。因此,在美国本身,天主教徒是人口的重要组成部分。现在,我认为理解这一点很重要。

教宗方济各去世前与美国天主教会的关系,不仅是教堂里的教众,还有教会领导人。总的来说,美国天主教主教会议与教宗方济各有很多相似的观点。但在美国天主教内部,有一个不断壮大的群体

政治上保守和神学上保守的天主教徒与他发生冲突。他们强烈反对他的观点,但这个群体虽然规模小且不断壮大,但仍然是少数派。教宗方济各相对开放地为同性伴侣祝福。这是人们反对的事情。他还公开批评特朗普驱逐数百万人的计划

这就是美国天主教徒和教宗方济各之间一些紧张关系的来源。有一种天主教信仰非常关注社会正义和社会教义。而自由派天主教徒,其中有很多,都热爱教宗方济各,并认同他对环境正义、保护移民权利、为圣徒祝福的观点。

同性伴侣。

在某种程度上,并非真正关于堕胎,因为教宗方济各将堕胎等同于雇佣杀手来解决问题。但更自由派的天主教徒确实认为他是保护他们也想要的社会正义价值观的人。那么,近年来我们在美国天主教主教以及信徒中看到的这种保守转变背后是什么原因呢?

所以我从专家那里得到的信息是,比如参加拉丁弥撒的人,戴着蕾丝头巾的妇女,不使用避孕措施。其背后原因是,这几乎是一种反应。这是对天主教会几十年来变得过于自由的一种反应,例如将更多流行音乐融入弥撒,进行更宽松的布道。

来自牧师。这是一种对这种现象的反应。这也是对西方社会其余部分的反应,西方社会其余部分相当自由。这些信徒认为,从价值观的角度来看,西方文化中没有什么值得坚持的东西。因此,他们正在回归旧的方式,回归一个非常传统、具有非常强烈的社区意识的教会。有趣的是,一位我采访过的专家表示,美国保守派枢机主教可以

可以与非洲相当保守的枢机主教(尤其是在同性恋问题上)结盟,以影响下一任教宗的选择,使其成为一位更保守的教宗,不像方济各那样,而是一位更进步的教宗,有点像方济各的形象。

所以塔拉,杰西卡刚刚谈到了一些来自世界各地的教会领导人,他们将聚集在梵蒂冈,选择教会的下一任领导人。但我很好奇,在你与菲尔的谈话中,他是否讨论了秘密会议的实际流程?是的。有些人看过电影《秘密会议》,但我确实与菲尔谈论了秘密会议在现实生活中是如何运作的。

因此,据信将进入西斯廷教堂投票选举下一任教宗的枢机主教人数约为133人。

或多或少。其中大约89人是由方济各任命的枢机主教。有一场弥撒,然后是进入西斯廷教堂的游行,他们一个接一个地宣誓保密,否则将面临绝罚,决不透露房间里发生的事情,在西斯廷教堂内宣誓。这是一个宏伟的地方,由米开朗基罗绘制壁画。

在主祭坛后面的墙上是一个非常严厉的耶稣,上帝,他以一种批判性的方式俯视着。这是一个做出决定非常谦卑的地方。

无论如何,枢机主教选举人每天将进行四次投票,分为两场会议,他们将在一个小方块纸上写下枢机主教的姓氏。他们被告知要多次折叠它,如果他们愿意,还可以伪装他们的笔迹。然后,这些纸片被放入某种圣杯中。然后,它们被带到前面的桌子,那里有审查员,他们将对它们进行计数。

然后宣布候选人的姓名,因为它们正在被念出来。如果三分之二的多数人投票给同一个人,那么新教宗就被选出了。如果没有,这些选票将被放入,用针将它们穿成一串,然后放入炉子中,这并不总是在西斯廷教堂,它是专门为秘密会议而设置的,

选票与一种化学添加剂一起放入炉子中,如果没有选出教宗,它将发出黑烟。如果选出了教宗,它将发出白烟。接下来发生的事情是,新教宗被带到一个非常小的房间,这个房间被称为“泪水之室”,因为它充满了情感。在这个房间里,将等待着三件白色的长袍

小号、中号和大号。这很简单,因为没有人知道谁将被选为教宗。然后,圣彼得大教堂中央阳台下的窗帘将打开,一位枢机主教将向全世界宣布:“abemus papam”,拉丁语的意思是“我们有了教宗”。每个人都会疯狂地欢呼和鼓掌等等,

那么,目前是否有任何迹象表明对任何人物作为潜在继任者的支持正在形成?罗马有一句谚语说:“进入秘密会议的人是教宗,出来的人是枢机主教”,这意味着媒体或世界各地的天主教徒认为是完美候选人的那些人,往往会感到惊讶。有一组候选人……

资格,合适的年龄,说合适的语言,诸如此类的事情。秘密会议前似乎正在形成共识的主要候选人之一是国务卿彼得罗·帕罗林枢机主教,他是意大利人。对他有利的主要一点是,所有枢机主教选举人都认识他,因为他去拜访过他们,其他被提名为

可能的教宗候选人是塔格雷枢机主教。他现在是罗马梵蒂冈的一名官员,但他是一位菲律宾人。他曾是马尼拉枢机主教选举主教。他非常平易近人。他会说很多语言。他将是第一位来自亚洲的教宗。对于教宗来说,他相对年轻,可能不到70岁。枢机主教们必须决定,今天14亿罗马天主教徒的领导人的职位描述是什么。

我们是否希望继续方济各的那种进步政策?我们是否希望有一个更平静、不那么引人注目的教宗任期,只是在方济各的教宗任期和另一个教宗任期之间管理教会?他们必须做出决定。因此,帕迪林也是领先者之一的原因之一是,他恰好处于中间位置。他可以获得进步派和保守派的选票

保守派选票,而塔利亚泰利可能不会获得太多保守派选票,因为他被认为太像方济各了。而那些过于保守的人不会获得进步派的选票。因此,在做出决定时,他们必须考虑这些因素。而且

你提到了教会和信徒的庞大规模。全球的构成是什么样的?欧洲正在大幅衰落。在法国、意大利、西班牙和葡萄牙等传统的天主教国家,所有这些国家的教会出席率都大幅下降。因此,枢机主教们必须决定,我们是否想要一位来自旧大陆的人,基本上代表天主教的实践程度远不如以前,或者

或者我们是否希望大胆地选举一位来自亚洲教会正在发展壮大的地方的人?

非洲教会正在发展壮大,然后他们必须做出决定。你谈到的一些这些增长地区,如非洲,甚至皈依天主教的美国人,他们都比较保守。下一任教宗更有可能比方济各更保守吗?我认为他几乎肯定会比方济各更保守。

他是否会比方济各保守得多,可能不会。方济各选举了超过80%的枢机主教选举人,因此,在某种程度上,他们对事情的看法与方济各相同。但并非完全如此。他任命了温和派。他们没有公开攻击他。有一些保守派公开攻击他,有时甚至到了侮辱他的地步,说

教会就像一艘没有舵的船,诸如此类的事情。因此,极端保守派的人不太可能当选,因为你根本得不到足够的选票。枢机主教们将寻找的主要事情之一是某种程度的连续性。新教宗不能只是说:“好吧,我的前任的一切都是错的。”

第一天,无论谁被选中。天主教会目前面临的关键问题是什么,新教宗必须解决这些问题?我们面临着几场重大战争的局面。因此,我认为首先要实现和平。这将更像是一件普遍的事情,而不是一个内部问题。然后,很明显,必须面对教会是否继续向同性恋者和其他过去感到边缘化的人开放的内部问题

过去被边缘化的人,如果教宗继续像方济各那样开放,这将非常重要。教会中的妇女问题对于任何当选的人来说都将很重要。这将非常困难。我敢肯定,在我的有生之年,我不会看到女牧师。但妇女是否可以成为执事的这个问题可能会在下一任教宗任期中再次浮出水面,诸如此类的事情。

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