Xi Jinping made a significant trip to Europe in May 2024, visiting France, Hungary, and Serbia. He also hosted Vladimir Putin and Viktor Orban in Beijing, focusing on strengthening ties with countries more willing to engage with China.
China abandoned its longstanding strategic partnership with Israel and firmly supported the Palestinian people and Hamas. This move enhanced China's reach and influence in the global south, aligning with its broader geopolitical strategy.
Xi Jinping has set a definitive timeline for Taiwan's integration into China, aiming for 2050 at the latest. Unlike previous leaders who saw Taiwan as unfinished business without a timeframe, Xi views it as integral to his 'China Dream' of national rejuvenation.
The trade war with the US, coupled with EU tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, has heightened economic concerns in China. Xi Jinping has acknowledged these challenges by releasing stimulus packages in September and November 2024, though domestic issues remain a significant factor.
Xi Jinping aims to stabilize and revitalize China's economy, form a grand coalition to counter the US-led trade war, and continue internal consolidation efforts, including anti-corruption operations.
Xi Jinping prioritizes the global south because it aligns with China's strategic goals of cultivating friendships, support, and partnerships. The democratic West is seen as a complex mix of competition, rivalry, and cooperation, making the global south a more fruitful area for engagement.
While China is intensifying military preparations and exercises, an immediate invasion of Taiwan is unlikely. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is not yet ready to confront the US, and Xi Jinping, though a risk-taker, is not reckless. Long-term risks have increased, but short-term plans remain unchanged.
From a stuttering economy to an intensifying purge of the military, China’s president has faced many challenges in 2024. With a looming trade war with the United States and more clouds on the economic horizon, Professor Steve Tsang of the SOAS China Institute reflects on Xi Jinping’s year.
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