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cover of episode Arms industry on the defensive

Arms industry on the defensive

2025/1/8
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World in 10

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乔治·巴罗斯
拉里萨·布朗
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托比·吉利斯和斯图尔特·威利:西方国家的国防工业面临双重困境:一方面,由于持续的全球冲突和威胁,对武器的需求空前高涨;另一方面,由于道德投资政策和招聘困难,国防公司难以获得资金,面临严重的人才短缺问题。 拉里萨·布朗:国防公司越来越担忧参加大学招聘会,因为他们面临来自抗议者的恐吓和骚扰。一些大学甚至建议国防公司不要参加招聘会,以避免安全风险。这种状况导致国防公司难以招聘到人才,加剧了行业内数千个职位空缺的现状。抗议活动的原因多样,部分抗议者将矛头指向与以色列国防部相关的公司,即使这些公司并不直接向以色列出售武器,而是提供F-35战斗机的零部件。抗议者的最终目标是阻止国防公司的运营和招聘。虽然国防公司承认抗议的权利,但他们认为近年来抗议活动升级,在某些情况下变得暴力,已经超出了可接受的范围。 拉里萨·布朗:除了招聘困难,国防公司还面临资金短缺问题。许多银行和金融机构由于ESG政策(环境、社会和治理)等因素,拒绝向国防公司提供贷款和其他金融服务,这使得国防公司难以维持运营,甚至可能威胁到国家安全。国防公司需要出口部分设备以降低成本,如果他们被限制出口,将进一步加剧其困境。 乔治·巴罗斯:与西方国防工业的困境形成对比的是,俄罗斯在乌克兰战争中面临严重的人员短缺问题。俄罗斯不得不支付高额奖金来招募士兵,其伤亡率也难以持续。即使从朝鲜获得额外兵力,也无法弥补巨大的兵员损失。俄罗斯军队在战场上采取的策略,虽然能够取得一些进展,但却造成了巨大的人员伤亡。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why are defence companies in the UK struggling to recruit employees?

Defence companies in the UK are struggling to recruit due to their exclusion from university careers fairs, driven by protests and health and safety concerns. Universities have advised against their attendance, leading to intimidation and harassment of employees. This has forced many companies to withdraw or move recruitment efforts online, exacerbating an already critical skills shortage in the sector.

What is the impact of protests on defence companies' recruitment efforts?

Protests have significantly impacted defence companies' recruitment by forcing them to withdraw from university careers fairs. This has led to a reduction in their ability to attract young talent, worsening the existing skills shortage. Companies like BAE Systems and Leonardo have faced protests due to their indirect links to the Israeli Defense Ministry, despite not directly selling weapons to Israel.

How are ethical investment policies affecting the defence industry?

Ethical investment policies, such as ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, are causing banks and financial institutions to deny loans and services to defence companies. This has created financial challenges, particularly for smaller firms, and raised concerns about the industry's ability to sustain operations and contribute to national security.

What are the proposed solutions to support defence companies?

Proposed solutions include increased university support for defence companies to attend careers fairs, such as enhanced security or venue changes. Additionally, there is a call for banks to provide financial support to defence firms. Some suggest forming a government committee to address these challenges and ensure the industry's sustainability.

What challenges is Russia facing in maintaining troop numbers in Ukraine?

Russia is struggling to maintain troop numbers in Ukraine due to unsustainable casualty rates, averaging 30,000 troops killed or wounded per month. To address this, Russia has offered sign-up bonuses of $36,000, four times the average annual salary, and has even accepted 10,000 soldiers from North Korea. However, these measures are insufficient to offset the high human cost of their military strategy.

How effective are North Korean troops in Russia's military strategy in Ukraine?

North Korean troops are being used as dismounted infantry in wave attacks, often without vehicle support. This strategy has proven ineffective, leading to high casualties. Reports indicate that a battalion's worth of North Korean troops may suffer significant losses within 48 hours, highlighting the human cost of Russia's reliance on such tactics.

Shownotes Transcript

With defence companies effectively excluded from recruiting at university careers fairs and investors reluctant to support them, concerns for national security are mounting. The Times' defence editor, Larisa Brown, explains the fears of arms manufacturers facing a worsening skills shortage.

The World in 10 is the Times' daily podcast dedicated to global security. Expert analysis of war, diplomatic relations and cyber security from The Times' foreign correspondents and military specialists. 

Watch more: www.youtube.com/@ListenToTimesRadio 

Read more: www.thetimes.com) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy) for more information.