What Is Linux? (A Brief Intro)
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What is Linux?
Linux is a Unix-like operating system kernel first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It is developed under the model of free and open source software, allowing anyone to use, modify, and distribute the code under the GNU GPL license.
Why is Linux often referred to as the GNU Linux System?
The term 'GNU Linux System' is often used by the Free Software Foundation, led by Richard Stallman, to emphasize the GNU components of the system. This sometimes causes controversy within the community, but the name is used to highlight the GNU contributions to the operating system.
How has Linux's usage evolved over time?
Originally developed for personal computers, Linux has been ported to various platforms, including smartphones (Android), desktops, and servers. Due to Android's dominance, Linux is now the largest installed operating system globally, with 99.6% of the top 500 supercomputers also running Linux.
What is the current market share of Linux on desktop computers?
Linux holds about 2.3% of the desktop computer market, though recent reports suggest it may have surpassed 3%, which is significant for game development and other software support.
Why is Linux considered 'free' and what does that mean?
Linux is free in two senses: free as in freedom (open source, allowing anyone to modify and distribute the code) and free as in beer (no cost). While some versions may charge for support, the code itself is always free and open source under the GNU GPL license.
What was the original motivation behind the creation of Linux?
Linus Torvalds developed Linux because he was frustrated with the limitations of Minix, a Unix-like system restricted to educational use. He wanted a system he could use freely outside of academia.
How does Linux's customization extend to window managers?
Linux offers a wide range of window managers, from tiling to floating, allowing users to choose how their desktop environment looks and functions. There are at least 15 popular options, and users can even create their own if they don't like the existing ones.
What are some popular alternatives to Windows and Mac software on Linux?
Popular alternatives include GIMP for Photoshop, VLC Media Player for media playback, and Audacity for audio editing. These programs are available on Linux, Mac, and Windows, ensuring cross-platform functionality.
Why is dual-booting recommended for trying Linux?
Dual-booting allows users to keep their existing operating system while experimenting with Linux. This is particularly useful for gamers or those who need specific software that may not yet be available on Linux, as it ensures data and programs can be saved and accessed.
- Linux is a Unix-like operating system.
- It was first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.
- It's based on the free and open-source software model.
- Android is based on Linux, making it the most widely used OS.
- The controversy around its name (GNU/Linux) is mentioned.
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