Essentials: How Hormones Shape Sexual Development

2025/2/13

Huberman Lab

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript

People

Andrew Huberman

是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。

Topics

Andrew Huberman: 今天我将探讨激素及其在性发育中的作用。激素是由身体腺体释放的化学物质,影响自身和其他器官。性别区分包括染色体性别、性腺性别和形态性别。环境中的有害物质会对性发育产生负面影响。激素的作用分为快速和缓慢两种,性类固醇激素通过影响基因表达产生长期效应。性别分化不仅涉及身体和大脑的男性化或女性化,还包括去男性化和去女性化。激素对初级和次级性特征产生影响,这些特征在大脑、身体和脊髓中显现。睾酮并非直接负责胎儿期男性外生殖器的发育,二氢睾酮(DHT)是主要的雄激素,在胎儿期负责阴茎的发育。青春期时,Kisspeptin会触发激素释放,刺激睾丸产生睾酮,促进第二性征的发育。大脑的男性化是由雌激素完成的,而不是睾酮或二氢睾酮。雌激素(由芳香化酶从睾酮转化而来)建立动物和人类的男性性行为和领地行为。总之,激素在性发育中起着复杂而关键的作用,受到遗传、环境和行为因素的影响。

Deep Dive

Chapters

This chapter explores the fundamental role of hormones in shaping sexual development, covering chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, and morphological sex. It emphasizes the biological aspects of masculinization and feminization, differentiating them from cultural or psychological connotations.

Chromosomal sex is determined by the presence of XX or XY chromosomes.
Gonadal sex refers to the development of testes or ovaries.
Hormonal sex involves the influence of steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone.
Morphological sex encompasses the physical characteristics of the body and genitalia.

Shownotes Transcript

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain the crucial role hormones play in shaping the sexual development of both the brain and body.

I discuss how biological masculinization and feminization depend on factors such as genetics, hormone ratios, and receptor availability. I also explore how hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and other steroid hormones influence sexual characteristics and brain development. Additionally, I examine the impact of environmental factors—such as herbicides like atrazine, cannabis, alcohol, and even cell phones—on hormone function and reproductive health.

Huberman Lab Essentials) are short episodes (approximately 30 minutes) focused on key science and protocol takeaways from past Huberman Lab episodes). Essentials are released every Thursday, while full-length episodes continue to be released every Monday.

Read the full episode show notes, including referenced articles, resources, and people mentioned at hubermanlab.com).

This Huberman Lab Essentials episode is from the full-length episode, available here: https://go.hubermanlab.com/PQYuc9i)