cover of episode Improve Focus with Behavioral Tools & Medication for ADHD | Dr. John Kruse

Improve Focus with Behavioral Tools & Medication for ADHD | Dr. John Kruse

2025/3/10
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Huberman Lab

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A
Andrew Huberman
是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。
D
Dr. John Kruse
Topics
Andrew Huberman: 本期节目讨论了多动症(ADHD)的各种治疗方法和应对策略,包括药物治疗、行为疗法以及生活方式的调整。我们探讨了不同类型ADHD药物的优缺点,以及睡眠、饮食、运动等因素对ADHD的影响。 Dr. John Kruse: 多动症的诊断标准包含18个症状,其中9个与多动冲动有关,9个与注意力不集中有关。成年人需要至少满足其中5个症状,并且这些症状需要在生活中多个领域造成功能障碍或痛苦,才能被诊断为ADHD。ADHD既有生物学因素,也有社会环境因素。遗传因素在ADHD中起着重要作用,但社会环境和个人与世界的互动也至关重要。ADHD患者的大脑是兴趣驱动的,而非重要性驱动的,因此选择职业时,兴趣比结构更重要。长时间沉浸在社交媒体中会导致注意力持续时间缩短,更容易分心,这与ADHD症状相似。规律作息、饮食、运动和放松时间是管理ADHD的关键行为工具,其中睡眠最为重要。为了改善睡眠,应该减少睡前兴奋,例如避免睡前运动、使用手机和进行脑力活动,并尝试规律的睡眠时间和放松技巧,例如循环式叹息。规律的饮食、适量的运动和放松时间对ADHD患者的注意力和专注力有积极影响。ADHD与成瘾之间存在关联,ADHD患者的成瘾风险几乎是普通人的两倍,这与冲动性和注意力不集中有关。ADHD患者的注意力和专注力与多巴胺、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素等神经递质有关。药物治疗ADHD的作用机制可能是通过增加这些神经递质的可用性来改善注意力和专注力。利他能(盐酸哌甲酯)是一种中枢神经兴奋剂,主要通过抑制多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取来发挥作用,但其对突触小泡的影响较弱。

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My guest is Dr. John Kruse, M.D., Ph.D., a psychiatrist specializing in treating people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We discuss the many stimulant and nonstimulant ADHD medications available, covering both their potential benefits and risks. We also explore behavioral approaches to managing ADHD, the key role of maintaining a consistent sleep-wake schedule, and the impact of exercise, fish oil supplementation, and video games on ADHD. Additionally, we examine the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the rise in adult and child ADHD diagnoses and offer various options to consider if you or someone you know is struggling with focus.

Read the full episode show notes at hubermanlab.com).

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Timestamps

00:00:00 Dr. John Kruse

00:02:11 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

00:05:37 Genetics & Environment; COVID Pandemic & ADHD Diagnoses

00:11:43 Sponsors: Eight Sleep & Joovv

00:14:26 ADHD, Interest & Careers

00:20:40 Social Media & Distractibility; ADHD & Lifespan Effect

00:27:39 Hyperfocus, Flow States

00:33:45 Tools: 4 Essential Behaviors for ADHD; Regular Meal Schedule

00:41:06 Sponsor: AG1

00:42:21 Tool: Regular Sleep Timing; Stimulants & Sleep

00:48:06 Insomnia; Tools: Bedtime Structure, Exercise, Phones, Breathing

00:52:30 Nighttime Waking Up; Cyclic Sighing

00:56:35 Exercise; Addiction, Risk, Kids & Stimulants; Catecholamines & Focus

01:04:32 Ritalin, Stimulants, Amphetamines; Amphetamine-Induced Psychosis & Risks

01:16:46 Sponsor: LMNT

01:18:03 Adult ADHD & Medications; Stimulants & Cardiovascular Risk?

01:26:06 Adult ADHD Medication Choices, Psychosis, Cannabis

01:33:49 ADHD Symptoms, Nicotine; Caffeine, Energy Drinks, L-Theanine

01:43:28 Fish Oil, Cardiac Effects & ADHD, Tool: Fish Oil Dose, EPA vs DHA

01:49:38 Sponsor: Mateina

01:51:04 Gut Microbiome

01:52:56 ADHD & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Tool: Task List System

01:57:52 Video Games, Neurofeedback, ADHD Benefit?, Tool: Technology Restriction

02:02:26 Guanfacine, Clonidine, Hypertension, Effects & Timeframe

02:10:13 Modafinil, History & Forms, Dependence

02:19:02 Drug Holidays; Short- vs Long-Acting Drugs, Addiction, Vyvanse

02:28:56 Time Perception, ADHD, Circadian Rhythm Disruption, Phototherapy

02:35:39 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

Disclaimer & Disclosures)