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cover of episode Optimal Protocols for Studying & Learning

Optimal Protocols for Studying & Learning

2024/8/26
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Huberman Lab

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A
Andrew Huberman
是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。
Topics
本期播客讨论了科学支持的学习方法,旨在优化学习的深度和速度,并提高记忆力和知识应用能力。研究表明,最佳的学习方法并非直觉,大多数人对最佳学习方法的认知都是错误的。学习的关键在于利用记忆系统来抵消遗忘过程,而不是单纯地学习和记住信息。神经可塑性是学习的基础,它包括神经连接的加强、减弱和新的神经元的产生。然而,新的神经元的产生在学习和记忆中所起的作用相对较小。学习和记忆主要依赖于现有神经连接的加强和减弱。神经可塑性发生在深度睡眠和类似睡眠的状态中,例如快速眼动睡眠。因此,充足和高质量的睡眠对于学习至关重要。为了提高学习效率,学习者需要专注和警觉,这可以通过主动参与和提高注意力来实现。冥想和专注练习可以帮助提高注意力和警觉性。此外,高效的学习者通常会安排固定的学习时间,避免分心,独自学习,并向他人讲解所学内容。他们还会设定长远目标,将学习与个人抱负联系起来。富有挑战性的学习过程是最有效的学习方法。定期测试是抵消遗忘的最佳方法之一,它不仅可以评估知识,还可以帮助巩固知识并减少遗忘。与反复阅读相比,测试自己对学习和记忆信息更有效。多次测试自己比多次学习材料更有效地巩固知识。尽快测试自己对新学习的材料,可以有效减少遗忘。仅仅一次测试就能提高50%的学习效果。最佳的测试是开放式、简答题或长答题,而不是选择题。情绪在学习和记忆中也起着重要作用,积极的情绪可以增强记忆。间歇式学习方法,即在学习过程中穿插其他看似不相关的信息,也可以提高学习效率。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The best way to study and learn is to offset the natural process of forgetting by accessing memory systems that counteract it. This involves focusing and being alert, getting good sleep, and using tools like mindfulness meditation to enhance focus.
  • Learning is not intuitive; most of what we believe about the best ways to study is false.
  • The best learning practices are about offsetting the natural forgetting of new information.
  • Focus, alertness, and sleep are critical for effective studying.

Shownotes Transcript

In this episode, I discuss science-supported protocols to optimize your depth and rate of learning of material and skills. I explain the neurobiology of learning and neuroplasticity and how correctly timed, self-directed test-taking can be leveraged to improve learning and prevent forgetting. 

I discuss the study habits of the most successful learners, ways to limit distractions, how to set study goals, and how tests can be used as tools to learn, not just as a means for evaluating one’s mastery of learned material. A surprising aspect of tests, specifically self-testing soon after exposure to new material, is that they can significantly improve your ability to learn, apply, and maintain new knowledge. I also discuss tools to improve focus and alertness while studying.

By the end of this episode, you will have learned various science-supported actionable tools you can use to better learn, remember, and apply new information.

Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, books, people mentioned, and additional resources at hubermanlab.com).

Andrew's New Book

Protocols: An Operating Manual for the Human Body: https://protocolsbook.com)

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman

Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman )

BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman

Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Timestamps

00:00:00 Improve Studying & Learning

00:02:11 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, BetterHelp & Waking Up

00:06:45 Offsetting Forgetting

00:08:22 Learning & Neuroplasticity

00:13:06 Periodic Testing

00:16:09 Focus & Alertness, Sleep, Tool: Active Engagement

00:21:37 Tool: Improve Focus, Mindfulness Meditation, Perception Exercise

00:24:38 Sleep & Neuroplasticity, Tool: Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR)

00:28:29 Tools: Study Habits of Successful Students

00:36:21 Sponsor: AG1

00:37:33 Studying & Aspiration Goals; Challenging Material

00:42:54 Tool: Testing as a Learning Tool

00:48:23 Self-Testing, Repeated Testing

00:55:29 Testing Yourself & Knowledge Gaps

01:01:11 Sponsor: LMNT

01:02:23 New Material & Self-Test Timing

01:07:21 Familiarity vs Mastery

01:10:55 Self-Testing & Offsetting Forgetting

01:15:53 Best Type of Self-Tests; Phone & Post-Learning Distractions

01:22:03 Tool: Gap Effects; Testing as Studying vs. Evaluation

01:25:40 Tool: Emotion & Learning, PTSD, Deliberate Cold Exposure, Caffeine

01:33:28 Tool: Interleaving Information; Unskilled, Mastery & Virtuosity

01:39:10 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

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