The blackout conditions during World War II created an environment of chaos and distraction, with Londoners focused on the threat of bombings rather than individual crimes. Additionally, the rapid succession of murders and assaults, often occurring within hours of each other, overwhelmed the police and delayed the connection of the crimes to a single perpetrator.
Key evidence included a Royal Air Force-issued respirator bag left at the scene of an attack, which had his service number stamped on it. Fingerprints found at multiple crime scenes matched Cummins, and personal items belonging to the victims, such as a cigarette case and a watch, were found in his possession. Additionally, bloodstained clothing and footprints at crime scenes were linked to him.
Cummins was described as handsome, charming, and confident, which allowed him to easily approach and disarm his victims. His overconfidence and ability to manipulate women made it easier for him to lure them into dangerous situations, as seen in the case of Mary Haywood, who initially found his charm attractive before realizing his true intentions.
The blackout provided Cummins with the cover of darkness, making it easier for him to commit crimes without being seen or caught. The reduced visibility and general chaos of wartime London allowed him to move unnoticed, and the fear of bombings distracted both the public and authorities from his actions.
The mistrial occurred because the jury was incorrectly given access to photos from another victim's crime scene, which was not part of the evidence for the case being tried. This procedural error led to the declaration of a mistrial, requiring a new jury to be sworn in.
The respirator bag left at the scene of Mary Haywood's attack was stamped with Cummins' service number, which allowed investigators to quickly identify him. This piece of evidence was crucial in linking him to the crimes and ultimately led to his arrest.
Many of the victims were sex workers or vulnerable women, which led to less public sympathy and media coverage. The societal attitude at the time often blamed the victims, with underlying sentiments like 'what did they expect?' contributing to the lack of attention given to the case.
Cummins was found guilty of the murder of Evelyn Oatley and sentenced to death by hanging. Despite his appeals and claims of innocence, the overwhelming evidence, including fingerprints, footprints, and possession of victims' belongings, led to his conviction and execution on June 25, 1942.
In February 1942, Gordon Cummins, a twenty-eight-year-old Royal Air Force Serviceman, murdered four women and attempted to murder two others over a six-day period in London, leading the press to dub him “The Blackout Ripper.”
At a time when the fear of imminent bombings was high and London was on high alert, authorities nonetheless launched an investigation and, quite remarkably, were able to catch Cummins quickly, thereby preventing any further murders; yet the question remains, how was it that a brutally violent killer manage to kill so many people in such a short amount of time and barely attract attention of the police and press?
Thank you to the Incredible Dave White of Bring Me the Axe Podcast for research and Writing support!
References
Bolton News. 1942. "Is 'killer' at large?" Bolton News, February 14: 1.
Campbell, Duncan. 2010. "London in the blitz: how crime flourished under cover of the blackout." The Guardian, August 28.
Driscoll, Margarette. 2022. "Ranmpage of the Blackout Ripper." Daily Mail, November 24.
Evening Standard. 1942. "Accused of murder of 4 women." Evening Standard (London, England), March 26: 8.
Evening Telegraph. 1942. "'Killer' theory in wave of London murders." Evening Telegraph (Derby, England), February 14: 8.
Herald Express. 1942. "Cadet's defense in murder trial." Herald Express (Devon, England), April 28: 1.
Hull Daily Mail. 1942. "London murders." Hull Daily Mail, February 11: 1.
Imperial War Museum. n.d. Imperial War Museum. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-nation-at-a-standstill-shutdown-in-the-second-world-war.
Liverpool Daily Post. 1942. "Another London murder." Liverpool Daily Post, February 14: 1.
Storey, Neil. 2023. The Blackout Murders: Homicide in WW2. South Yorkshire, England: Pen and Sword.
The Citizen. 1942. "Cadet sent for trial." The Citizen (Gloucester, England), March 27: 1.
—. 1942. "'Evidence was overwhelming'." The Citizen (Gloucester, England), June 9: 8.
—. 1942. "Fresh Jury to be sworn in." The Citizen (Gloucester, England), April 24: 1.
The Times. 1942. "Airman charged with three murders." The Times (London, England), March 13: 2.
Venning, Annabel. 2017. "The Blackout Ripper; under cover of the Blitz." Mail on Sunday, January 29.
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