Trump's New Tariffs, Global Tariff Reactions, TikTok Deadline
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President Trump says tariffs will spark a rebirth of American industry, but U.S. exporters are bracing for the worst. The retaliatory tariffs are going to be really ugly and it's just going to kill demand. Will Trump's gamble on a trade war pay off? I'm Michelle Martin, that's Leila Fadal, and this is Up First from NPR News. We also get reaction from markets and leaders around the world. The administration's tariffs have no basis in logic and they go against the basis of our two nations' partnership.

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President Trump is building an economic barrier designed to limit imports and encourage domestic manufacturing. Starting this weekend, Trump plans to charge a minimum 10% tax on virtually all foreign goods coming into the U.S., with imports from dozens of countries facing much higher levies.

Speaking in the White House Rose Garden yesterday, Trump said the tariffs would help spark a rebirth of American industry. We're going to produce the cars and ships, chips, airplanes, minerals and medicines that we need right here in America. The pharmaceutical companies are going to become roaring back. They're coming roaring back. They're all coming back to our country because if they don't, they got a big tax to pay.

Early reaction to the president's move has been mostly negative. Stock futures fell sharply overnight. The European Union has threatened countermeasures, and other U.S. trading partners are expected to retaliate with tariffs of their own on U.S. exports. NPR's chief economics correspondent, Scott Horsley, joins us now to break this down. Good morning, Scott. Good morning, Lilla. All right. So, you know, President Trump promised high tariffs throughout the campaign. So is anyone actually surprised by this move?

I think they're surprised by the magnitude. For example, we're talking about a 20% tax on goods coming in from the European Union, much higher than the U.S. charges today. In other ways, though, this is not surprising. Despite the United States' wealth and power, Trump has been complaining for decades that this country is being taken advantage of, and he's determined to fight back with tariffs, even as financial markets have been flashing red, saying, don't do it.

Now, Canada and Mexico, two of our biggest trading partners, are being spared these additional tariffs for now. But Trump is slapping stiff due taxes on imports from economies around the world, even for products we cannot produce in the U.S., like the coffee and banana you might be having for breakfast this morning. Oh, wow. So how did the White House decide who pays what?

Trump calls these reciprocal tariffs, saying they're simply designed to match the trade barriers that other countries impose on U.S. exports. That means they do it to us and we do it to them. Very simple. Can't get any simpler than that.

But the White House later acknowledged it would be too hard to calculate the actual trade barriers from every other country. So they just picked an arbitrary number they thought would be high enough to chip away at each country's trade surplus with the U.S. And the result is a huge tariff increase, a 24 percent tax on imports from Japan, a 34 percent tax on imports from China, in addition to the 20 percent tariffs that were already in place.

Now, other countries might absorb some of that cost, but a big part will be paid by businesses and consumers here in the U.S. So let's talk about that. What's the potential economic effect of that? Economists say it will likely mean higher prices and slower growth. Consumers are nervous, so are exporters.

Tim Fiore conducts a monthly survey of factory managers for the Institute for Supply Management. He says they're already bracing for retaliation. Here it comes, and we're already seeing that. We have manufacturers in the U.S. already feeling that experience. So the retaliatory tariffs are going to be really ugly. I mean, it's just going to kill demand. Domestic manufacturers are supposed to be the beneficiaries of this trade war, but factory orders, output, employment were all down last month in anticipation. And what about international fallout?

This is an enormous gamble. The U.S. launched a similar worldwide trade war back in the 1930s. It did not end well. The notorious Smoot-Hawley tariffs are widely considered to have worsened the Great Depression.

And economists say Trump's new import taxes are even more draconian than those almost a century ago. NPR's Scott Horsley. Thank you, Scott. You're welcome. We have more now on the international response to President Trump's sweeping new tariffs. It's been swift. Yeah, leaders across the world have reacted with dismay and confusion following President Trump's announcement. Some are preparing countermeasures.

targeting the U.S., while others are hoping to strike up negotiations. For more on this, we turn to Beijing now with NPR's John Ruich. John, good morning. Good morning. How have global markets taken the news?

Well, the fallout in markets has been far and wide. You know, some of the countries that are hardest hit by the tariffs and actually that are most dependent on trade with the U.S. are in Asia. And we saw a broad sell off here from Hong Kong and China to South Korea, all the way down to Southeast Asia. Markets were down. Trump put a 24 percent tariff on Japanese goods, which apparently surprised markets there. The Nikkei 225 dropped close to 3 percent today.

In Vietnam, which has been a huge beneficiary of U.S.-China trade friction as manufacturers have moved south of the border, Trump hit it with one of the highest tariff rates, 46 percent, and the country's Ho Chi Minh stock index shed nearly 7 percent on the day. In Europe, it seems to be a similar story of selling. Economists are recalibrating their expectations now, and investors are just nervous. And what about governments? How are governments around the world reacting?

Unhappiness and frustration so far. I mean, many say these tariffs were unwarranted. Here's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of Australia, which got the bare minimum 10%. The administration's tariffs have no basis in logic, and they go against the basis of our two nations' partnership. This is not the act of a friend. Britain was hit with the minimum 10% also, but the prime minister's office there expressed some relief that the country wasn't hit with 20%, like the EU.

Speaking of which, the European Commission president said Europe was open to negotiations, but working on countermeasures in case the talks fail. You know, President Trump has signaled that he's open to dealmaking. So many countries are taking these sweeping tariffs as kind of an opening salvo for negotiations. Others are looking at a range of options. You know, Japan, Brazil, China have suggested that tariffs break World Trade Organization rules. What about in China where you are? What's been the reaction there?

Yeah.

If neither side doesn't want to get locked down in a lose-lose situation, we have to find a way out. But he thinks China can afford to punch back and then wait for a bit to see if Trump administration feels some heat from all these tariffs. Any sense of how damaging these tariffs will be to these countries?

Yeah, I asked Jack Zhang about this. He's a professor at the University of Kansas, and he runs the trade war lab there. He says it kind of all depends. I still hold out a sliver of hope because it depends on how much trade destruction happens, and that depends on how much retaliation we're going to see. You know, a lot of economists think these tariffs are going to be a big global shock anyway and could push, you know, many countries into recession. That is NPR's John Wirtz in Beijing. Thank you, John. You're welcome.

The owners of TikTok have until Saturday to sell the app. Earlier this year, lawmakers passed a law banning the app, citing national security concerns, unless it sheds its China-based owner, ByteDance. Following his inauguration, President Trump said he would not enforce the ban, which was still the law, and that he'd hold a public auction to sell TikTok over the coming months.

Many bidders have lined up, including one from a YouTuber known as Mr. Beast and a separate offer from Amazon. But leading the pack is software company Oracle, according to NPR's Bobby Allen, who joins me now. Good morning, Bobby. Good morning. So why does Oracle offer the Trump administration's preferred plan?

Yeah, for several reasons. First, Oracle already operates almost all of TikTok's cloud. So Oracle systems are, you know, already supporting the app. Secondly, Oracle has experience with high level national security data. For instance, Oracle does cloud computer work for parts of the government, including the CIA. And finally, Oracle is run by billionaire Trump supporter Larry Ellison. And he has been setting the stage, Layla, for this deal for years by warming up to Trump, by defunding,

Fending Trump, Ellison even hammered out this deal that we're talking about right now, which involves leasing TikTok's algorithm from its current owner, the Chinese company ByteDance. Leasing an algorithm. Is that even a thing? No, it's not really a thing, to be honest. It's extremely unusual. Okay.

But a source close to the negotiations explained the logic behind it this way. A new U.S. entity would be created, led by Oracle, that can oversee TikTok. Okay. And this new entity would lease TikTok's algorithm from ByteDance that would get around having to have the Chinese government sign off on the selling of the algorithm, which...

has always been an open question as to whether Beijing would approve that or not. But I don't understand that because I thought the whole idea of the TikTok ban was to split TikTok from China. Would this plan do that? Yeah, it depends on how you see that, right? It's been a very divisive thing in the White House, which is full of China hawks. And this is the big question, whether leasing the TikTok algorithm would mean China does not control it.

This gets to why Congress passed a law forcing TikTok in China to break up in the first place, as you've mentioned. And lawmakers of both parties remain concerned that China will use TikTok to influence Americans to steal their data. Trump is hoping this deal, though, will put those fears to rest, but there is no guarantee. OK, so is there a timeline when this all might happen? Yeah.

Yeah, Trump has set this Saturday as the deadline for when TikTok needs to be sold. Most are expecting a deal to be announced sometime before then. The question becomes, how is China going to respond? Under the Oracle deal under consideration in the White House, they're making a concession to ByteDance by allowing ByteDance to keep a minority stake in the company.

It's worth noting that, you know, Trump's stiff tariffs on Chinese imports are part of the TikTok conversation. Chinese authorities, I think we're hoping TikTok could be used as leverage to get a better deal on tariffs. Meaning, you know, if China supported a TikTok deal, maybe they would get some relief on tariffs. But it doesn't quite look like that is what happened. And so you're telling me that Mr. Beast doesn't have a chance? No, Mr. Beast doesn't have a chance. It's really sad, I know. Mr. Beast. All right. Thanks, Bobby. Thanks, Lita.

And that's a first for Thursday, April 3rd. I'm Layla Faldin. And I'm Michelle Martin. Your next listen is Consider This from NPR. We hear it up first, give you the three big stories of the day. Our Consider This colleagues take a different approach. They dive into a single news story and what it means to you in less than 15 minutes. Listen now on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts. And today's episode of Up First was edited by Raphael.

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