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cover of episode Crotalology (RATTLESNAKES) with Emily Taylor

Crotalology (RATTLESNAKES) with Emily Taylor

2025/6/25
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Emily Taylor: 作为一名蛇类研究者,我经常接到关于“院子里有响尾蛇”的求助电话,但实际上很多时候都是无害的蛇类。这是因为许多蛇在受到惊吓时会摇动尾巴,模仿响尾蛇的声音。真正的响尾蛇与其他蛇类的区别在于它们尾巴上的响板,这是由改良的角蛋白构成的,类似于我们的指甲。这个响板并非由小东西填充,而是每个部分都与内部的实际部分相连,结构极其复杂。响尾蛇通过尾部摇动肌肉快速撞击产生高亢的声音,警告潜在的威胁。关于响尾蛇响板的进化有几种假说,包括警告捕食者、警告食草动物,以及作为诱饵吸引猎物。响尾蛇在过去1200万到1400万年间进化而来,相对较晚。有趣的是,松鼠在看到响尾蛇时会以特定的方式摇动尾巴,甚至能够通过红外摄像检测蛇的种类,对响尾蛇会采取特殊的“热尾”行为。更令人惊奇的是,成年的加州地松鼠对响尾蛇的毒液具有抵抗力,这是长期共同进化的结果。响尾蛇的毒液毒性如此之高,部分原因是与加州地松鼠的共同进化,这导致了响尾蛇毒液的进化军备竞赛。当然,捕食响尾蛇的动物也具有对毒液的抵抗力,例如负鼠和獾,而其他捕食者如鹰和猫头鹰则不具备。对于普通人来说,区分响尾蛇与其他蛇类的最可靠方法是看其尾部是否有响板,即使是幼蛇也有一个小的尾部按钮。响尾蛇的头部通常比其他蛇类更呈三角形,但地鼠蛇会模仿响尾蛇,展开头部并发出类似响尾蛇的嘶嘶声。识别毒蛇的一些基本准则可能不够具体,例如蝮蛇通常有三角形的头部,但有些无害的蛇类也会模仿这种形状。珊瑚蛇的颜色模式也可能具有欺骗性,需要小心区分。通过瞳孔形状来判断蛇是否有毒并不可靠,而且不应为了判断蛇是否有危险而过于靠近。响尾蛇分布于西半球,从加拿大南部到阿根廷北部。总而言之,了解响尾蛇的识别特征、行为习性和生态作用,有助于我们更好地与它们和平共处,避免不必要的冲突。

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Fangs. Rattles. Misconceptions. Crawl out from under your rock for the angelic rattle of one of the world’s most maligned, misunderstood, gorgeous, mysterious, efficient creatures. Herpetology professor, rattlesnake scientist and thus, Crotalologist Dr. Emily Taylor discusses why rattlesnakes deserve our love, the parenthood strategies of rattlers, how to avoid getting bitten, dog rattlesnake training, rattlers’ relationships with squirrels, antivenom, vaccines, mattress trivia, mood snakes and who gets bitten the most. Hint: it’s not hikers. 

July 13-19, 2025 celebrate the Inaugural Snake Week) and check out ProjectRattleCam)

Visit Dr. Taylor’s website) and follow her on Bluesky) and Instagram)

Buy Dr. Taylor’s book, California Snakes and How to Find Them, on Bookshop.org) or Amazon)

Her latest book, California Lizards and How to Find Them, is also available on Bookshop.org) and Amazon)

A donation went to The Rattlesnake Conservancy)

Emily’s Rattlesnake Perception Survey: take the pre-survey), listen to the episode, then complete the post-survey)

More episode sources and links)

Smologies (short, classroom-safe) episodes)

Other episodes you may enjoy: Herpetology (REPTILES)), Saurology (LIZARDS)), Fearology (FEAR)), Sciuridology (SQUIRRELS)), Acaropathology (TICKS & LYME DISEASE)), Forest Entomology (CREEPY CRAWLIES))

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Follow Ologies on Instagram) and Bluesky)

Follow Alie Ward on Instagram) and TikTok)

Editing by Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio Productions) and Jake Chaffee)

Managing Director: Susan Hale

Scheduling Producer: Noel Dilworth

Transcripts by Aveline Malek 

Website by Kelly R. Dwyer)

Theme song by Nick Thorburn