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Outsmarting Yourself

2023/9/18
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Hidden Brain

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Elliot Aronson
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Shankar Vedantam
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Shankar Vedantam:探讨了认知失调理论,以及人们如何通过构建故事来为自己的行为辩护,有时会导致不良后果,有时也能产生积极影响。他通过多个例子,例如作弊实验、买房经历、政治决策等,说明了认知失调在不同情境下的表现。 Elliot Aronson:详细阐述了认知失调理论,并通过多个实验(安全套使用、节约用水、投票)来证明如何利用认知失调来引导人们做出积极的行为改变。他强调,关键在于让个体在公开承诺后,通过自我说服来减少认知失调,从而将态度转化为行动。他还分享了自己在生活和工作中运用认知失调理论的经验,以及在写作自传时如何避免自我辩护的陷阱。 Elliot Aronson:从伊索寓言“酸葡萄”的故事出发,解释了认知失调的根本原因:人们难以容忍相互矛盾的想法,会通过改变想法来减少这种不适感。他用“金字塔模型”来解释人们在面临选择时,如何根据自己的选择调整对事物的看法,以减少认知失调,让自己睡得安稳。他还分析了认知失调在政治决策中的负面影响,例如伊拉克战争。 Elliot Aronson:深入探讨了认知失调的机制,以及人们为何如此倾向于自我辩护。他认为,这是因为人们本能地认为自己是善良、聪明、能干和有道德的人,当他们的行为与这种自我认知相矛盾时,就会产生认知失调,从而需要通过自我辩护来减轻这种不适感。

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After we make a decision, we often tell ourselves a story about why our choice was the right one to make. It's a mental process that psychologist Elliot Aronson) calls self-justification. These rationalizations can sometimes lead us to excuse bad behavior or talk ourselves out of a poor choice. But are there also times when self-justification can be used for good? 

This is the second part of our series on cognitive dissonance. Listen to the first episode: How We Live with Contradictions).