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Forever Fresh

2025/1/31
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Latif Nasser
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Nicola Twilley
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Nicola Twilley: 我研究了食物从农场到餐桌的旅程,这其中涉及到一个隐形的‘食物高速公路’系统,包括各种冷藏设施。冷藏技术就像一台时间机器,它通过减缓所有事物的速度来延长食物的保鲜期,这包括食物中的微生物以及水果蔬菜本身的细胞活动。我们对水果蔬菜的保鲜技术已经非常先进,甚至可以将苹果保鲜一年,这在过去是难以想象的。 乙烯是一种植物激素,它在水果蔬菜的成熟和腐烂过程中扮演着关键角色。我们不仅可以利用乙烯来控制水果蔬菜的成熟速度,还可以通过阻断乙烯来延长它们的保鲜期。例如,香蕉的成熟就依赖于乙烯,而我们通过控制乙烯的释放来控制香蕉的成熟时间,确保它们在运输和销售过程中保持最佳状态。 保鲜袋技术也是一个令人惊叹的例子。它源于冷战时期核潜艇的大气控制技术,通过控制袋内气体成分来延长沙拉的保鲜期。这体现了对蔬菜呼吸过程的精细控制,就像给蔬菜提供了一个‘呼吸机’。这项技术使得我们能够享用更多种类的沙拉,而不仅仅是耐储存的冰山生菜。 未来,我们甚至可能利用纳米技术,通过喷涂脂质涂层来延长水果蔬菜的保鲜期,这将彻底改变食品保鲜的方式。这项技术目前已经应用于一些水果蔬菜,并取得了显著的成果,例如,经过喷涂的红辣椒可以在室温下保存长达八周。 总而言之,我们对食物保鲜技术的探索,不仅延长了食物的保鲜期,也改变了我们对‘新鲜’的定义。过去,我们认为新鲜的食物就是刚刚采摘的,而现在,我们已经能够通过各种技术手段来延长食物的‘新鲜’时间,这使得我们能够享用更多种类、更优质的食物。 Latif Nasser: 我和Nicola Twilley的对话让我对食物保鲜技术有了全新的认识。我过去从未想过水果蔬菜是活的,采摘后就开始死亡。整个食品体系的目的是延长它们的死亡过程,而冷藏只是其中一种方法。 Nicola 提到的乙烯的故事非常有趣,它不仅是一种植物激素,也曾经是20世纪20年代的派对毒品,甚至可能与古代德尔菲神庙女祭司的预言有关。这让我意识到,我们对食物的处理方式,已经远远超出了简单的保鲜,而是一种对生命过程的精细控制。 保鲜袋技术更是让我感到惊讶,它就像一个为蔬菜设计的‘呼吸机’,通过控制袋内的大气成分来延长蔬菜的保鲜期。这让我开始思考,我们是否应该更多地关注食物本身的生命状态,而不是仅仅关注它的外观和口感。 未来,纳米技术可能会彻底改变食品保鲜的方式,这让我既兴奋又有些不安。一方面,这项技术可以解决许多食品保鲜难题,另一方面,它也让我对食物的‘自然’状态产生了疑问。我们是否应该过度干预食物的生命过程?这需要我们认真思考。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the science of refrigeration, explaining how it slows down processes at all scales, from warehouse operations to cellular activity in fruits and vegetables. It describes refrigeration as a time machine, slowing down decay and extending the shelf life of food.
  • Refrigeration slows down processes at all scales.
  • It works by slowing down fungi, microbes, and bacteria.
  • It slows down cellular activity in fruits and vegetables, prolonging their life.

Shownotes Transcript

We eat apples in the summer and enjoy bananas in the winter. When we do this, we go against the natural order of life which is towards death and decay. What gives? This week, Latif Nasser spoke with Nicola Twilley, the author of Frostbite: How Refrigeration Changed Our Food, Our Planet, and Ourselves. Twilley spent over a decade reporting about how we keep food alive as it makes its way from the farm to our table. This conversation explores the science of cold, how fruits hold a secret to eternal youth, and how the salad bag, of all things, is our local grocery store’s unsung hero.

Special thanks to Jim Lugg and Jeff Wooster

**EPISODE CREDITS: **

Reported by Latif Nasser and Nicola Twilleywith help from Maria Paz GutierrezProduced by Maria Paz GutierrezOriginal music from Jeremy BloomSound design contributed by Jeremy Bloomwith mixing help from Arianne WackFact-checking by Emily Krieger and Edited by Alex Neason

EPISODE CITATIONS:

Articles  New Yorker Article - How the Fridge Changed Flavor) (https://zpr.io/32TuSmAc2HbQ))by Nicola TwilleyNew Yorker Article - Africa’s Cold Rush and the Promise of Refrigeration) (https://zpr.io/3g9VdgKMAiHf)) by Nicola Twilley

**Books **Frostbite) (https://zpr.io/Mg3Q7JCBvcAg)) by Nicola Twilley

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