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The Darkest Dark

2025/1/17
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Molly Webster
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Sönke Johnsen
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Molly Webster: 我在海上经历了极度的黑暗,这是一种难以言喻的压迫感,仿佛黑暗本身在向你提问。冬季夜晚的黑暗也如同一道屏障,令人感到空虚和绝望。深海生物为了生存,在漆黑的深海中进行着生死攸关的捕食和繁殖活动。 深海鱼类的超黑特性,是自然选择的结果,它们为了生存,不断进化,以达到最佳的伪装效果,避免被捕食者发现。深海鱼类的超黑特性并非空无一物,反而是一种富含信息和能量的现象,它拓展了人们对深海生物颜色和伪装机制的理解。 Sönke Johnsen: 我们在深海中发现了一些极其黑暗的鱼类,它们的照片很难拍摄,因为它们几乎吸收了所有的光线,如同一个黑洞。龙鱼拥有巨大的牙齿,为了避免损伤大脑,它们的牙齿可以滑回颅骨内。琵琶鱼需要极其黑暗的身体,才能有效地利用发光诱饵捕食。 这些深海鱼类是地球上已知最黑的生物,其黑色程度远超Vantablack。即使这些深海鱼类已经极其黑暗,自然选择仍在推动它们变得更黑。为了研究深海鱼类的超黑特性,我们首先研究了蝴蝶翅膀上的黑色区域,发现仅仅增加色素并不能使物体变得真正黑暗,还需要改变物体的结构。 蝴蝶翅膀的黑色结构类似于蜂窝状,可以有效地吸收光线。即使喷涂上金层,其黑色结构依然可以保持其黑色。深海鱼类的黑色结构类似于堆积在一起的微型药片状黑色素体,其尺寸和形状非常适合于最大限度地吸收光线。通过研究月球土壤的数学模型,我们理解了深海鱼类超黑特性的形成机制。深海鱼类超黑特性的研究成果对工程技术领域,特别是相机和光谱仪等设备的研制具有重要意义。

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Shownotes Transcript

We fall down the looking glass with Sönke Johnsen, a biologist who finds himself staring at one of the darkest things on the planet. So dark, it’s almost like he’s holding a blackhole in his hands. On his quest to understand how something could possibly be that black, we enter worlds of towering microscopic forests, where gold becomes black, the deep sea meets the moon, and places that are empty suddenly become full. 

*Corrections/Clarifications:*In this episode, dragonfish) are described as having teeth that slide back into their skull; that is the fangtooth fish, not the dragonfish. Though both can be ultra-black.

The fishes described are the darkest things on the planet, but there are some other animals that are equally as dark, including butterflies), wasps), and birds).

*Vantablack is *no longer the blackest man-made material)

EPISODE CREDITS: 

Hosted by - Molly WebsterReported by - Molly WebsterProduced by - Rebecca Laks, Pat Walters, Molly Websterwith help from - Becca BresslerOriginal music from - Vetle Nærøwith mixing help from -Jeremy BloomFact-checking by - Natalie A. Middletonand Edited by  - Pat WaltersGuest - Sönke Johnsen)

**EPISODE CITATIONS:**Articles - Sönke Johnsen’s research paper on ultra-black )in the wings of butterfliesA paper by Sönke Johnsen that describes how structure can change color, by showing how clear quartz balls can) — when in a random pile — go from clear, to very blue, to white, depending on the size of the individual balls. Music - This episode kicked-off with some music by Norwegian pianist Vetle Nærø, check him out online )Videos  - Vantablack), a video about the look and design of the world’s OG darkest man-made substance (get ready to be wowed), and a new material saying it’s darker than Vanta.)Signup for our newsletter. It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up) (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)!

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Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.