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Right of Way

2024/5/3
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Criminal
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J
Joe Adalian
J
John Burris
P
Peter Norton
P
Phoebe Judge
S
Sean Ely
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John Burris：许多警察暴力案件都源于对违规过街行为的拦截。图帕克·沙库尔案就是一个典型的例子，他因违规过街被捕，并遭受了警察的暴力执法。此后，Burris律师接手了大量类似的案件，许多案件都源于对违规过街行为的拦截，这体现了执法中存在的问题。Burris律师认为，除非造成事故或交通阻塞，否则不应因违规过街而被逮捕，因为这会对个人造成严重损害，例如：需要请律师，可能需要支付律师费，可能因为没有律师而认罪，可能会被判缓刑，这会影响未来的就业、学生贷款等等。他认为，在一些城市，人们因违规过街而被指控犯罪，而在另一些城市则不然，这本身就是不合理的。此外，他还指出，在警察执法中存在种族偏见，非裔美国人更容易成为这类案件的受害者。 Peter Norton：早期汽车普及时期，交通规则匮乏，人们自行调节交通秩序。然而，随着汽车事故频发，人们开始呼吁加强交通安全监管。汽车行业通过操纵媒体报道，将交通事故责任归咎于行人，并创造了“Jaywalking”一词，旨在劝退行人违规过街。洛杉矶通过大规模的公共关系宣传活动，成功地使“违规过街”法律得到民众的接受。这项法律改变了交通事故责任认定，如果行人不在人行横道上被撞，司机很可能不会被追究责任。汽车的普及改变了城市交通格局，城市开始对街道进行规划和管理，以适应汽车交通的需求。“违规过街”法律在美国各地逐步实施，并逐渐成为常规执法行为。 Phoebe Judge：对违规过街的法律和执法存在争议。一些案例表明，对“违规过街”的执法存在问题，并导致严重后果。取消对“违规过街”的刑事处罚，有助于减少不必要的冲突。

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In 1991, two police officers stopped Tupac Shakur for jaywalking. He said he was knocked unconscious during his arrest, and sued the city of Oakland for 10 million dollars. His lawyer says many of the police brutality cases he's worked on started with jaywalking stops.

Peter Norton’s book is Fighting Traffic).

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