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The Battle For Jerusalem

2024/10/3
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Throughline
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乔
乔纳森·菲利普斯(Jonathan Phillips)
保
保罗·科布(Paul Cobb)
教
教宗乌尔班二世
旁
旁白
知名游戏《文明VII》的开场动画预告片旁白。
苏
苏莱曼·穆拉德(Sulaiman Murad)
Topics
教宗乌尔班二世:我号召一场战争,夺回耶路撒冷,这是上帝的旨意。参与者将获得永生的荣耀,即使战死也是为信仰殉道。 旁白:第一次十字军东征是一场史无前例的大规模军事行动,最终攻陷耶路撒冷。耶路撒冷的战略价值不高,但它是象征性的宝藏,是信仰的中心,因此人们愿意为之付出生命。 保罗·科布(Paul Cobb):穆斯林世界的分裂为十字军东征创造了机会,两个敌对的穆斯林帝国的边界恰好穿过叙利亚和巴勒斯坦,而十字军就在那里建立了他们的国家。 乔纳森·菲利普斯(Jonathan Phillips):萨拉丁的父亲是一位优秀的行政官员和虔诚的宗教人士,而他的叔叔是一位伟大的战士,萨拉丁从他们那里得到了良好的教育和影响。萨拉丁接受了军事训练,也学习了伊斯兰法和宫廷礼仪,他本人是一位虔诚的战士。 苏莱曼·穆拉德(Sulaiman Murad):萨拉丁的崛起得益于1160年代法蒂玛王朝内战和衰落的机会。法蒂玛王朝的衰落为萨拉丁提供了权力真空。 旁白:萨拉丁通过慷慨大方赢得人心和巩固权力,他的慷慨是其成功的关键因素之一,也是其敌人所忌惮的。萨拉丁的崛起也受益于努尔丁的去世,这为他提供了权力真空。萨拉丁善于操纵政治,并利用公开声明来巩固权力。萨拉丁夺回耶路撒冷是其政治策略的一部分,以此来证明其之前对抗其他穆斯林的行动是正当的。 旁白:鲍德温四世患上了麻风病,这是一种会造成神经损伤的疾病。鲍德温四世的麻风病日益恶化,无法骑马,公众露面也减少了,这导致了王位继承的权力斗争。盖伊·德·卢西尼昂是一个有魅力但不受欢迎的人。西比拉通过与盖伊结婚,欺骗了耶路撒冷的贵族。雷诺·德·沙蒂永的鲁莽行为导致了萨拉丁的入侵。 苏莱曼·穆拉德(Sulaiman Murad):十字军军队规模较小,且仓促组建,这影响了他们的战斗力。 旁白:萨拉丁利用策略诱使十字军离开营地,并最终将其击败。哈丁角之战以萨拉丁的胜利告终,十字军军队被击败。萨拉丁在1187年10月2日占领了耶路撒冷。耶路撒冷的失守对欧洲基督教世界造成了巨大的冲击。

Deep Dive

Chapters
Pope Urban II's sermon in 1095 ignited the First Crusade, a massive military campaign by European Christians to seize Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Driven by religious fervor and the promise of salvation, tens of thousands journeyed to the Middle East, facing fierce resistance and suffering immense losses. Their eventual victory in 1099 marked a turning point in the conflict, raising questions about the true value of Jerusalem.
  • Pope Urban II's sermon ignited the First Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim rule.
  • The crusade was driven by religious zeal and the promise of remission of sins.
  • Tens of thousands of Europeans, including knights and commoners, embarked on the arduous journey to the Holy Land.
  • The Crusaders faced fierce opposition and heavy losses before finally capturing Jerusalem in 1099.

Shownotes Transcript

Today, the city of Jerusalem is seen as so important that people are willing to kill and die to control it. And that struggle goes back centuries. Nearly a thousand years ago, European Christians embarked on what became known as the First Crusade: an unprecedented, massive military campaign to take Jerusalem from Muslims and claim the holy city for themselves. They won a shocking victory – but it didn't last. A Muslim leader named Saladin raised an army to take the city back. What happened next was one of the most consequential battles of the Middle Ages: A battle that would forever change the course of relations between the Islamic and Christian worlds, Europe and The Middle East.In this episode, we travel back to the front lines of that battle to explore a simple question: What is Jerusalem worth?Love Throughline? Please help us out by taking this quick survey! npr.org/throughlinesurvey)To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline).Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)