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cover of episode #751 - Macken Murphy - What Does Science Say Makes Someone Attractive?

#751 - Macken Murphy - What Does Science Say Makes Someone Attractive?

2024/2/29
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Macken Murphy: 本期节目探讨了科学视角下人类吸引力的构成因素。研究表明,平均化的面部特征(如鼻子大小、形状和位置)以及面部对称性是吸引力的重要指标。平均脸孔可能更容易被大脑处理,也可能是长期性选择的结果。此外,面部对称性可能暗示着个体具有强大的发育能力和健康状况。在男性方面,面部女性化特征普遍被男性认为具有吸引力,而男性面部特征的吸引力则存在争议,这可能与“男性权衡假说”有关。胡须的吸引力可能与其作为一种信号的意义有关,它既能展现男性特征,也能暗示其拥有时间和资源进行自我管理。女性的许多美丽信号似乎都在暗示她们不从事体力劳动。眼睛的吸引力可能与一些特征有关,例如清晰的虹膜和眼周的暗圈,但眼球颜色偏好的研究结果并不一致。面部特征在吸引力中占据重要地位,这可能是因为面部更容易展现个体的健康状况和遗传素质。在短期关系中,身材比面容更重要;而在长期关系中,面容比身材更重要。美丽是衡量伴侣价值的一个快捷信号,它暗示着更重要的潜在特质,例如健康和可靠性。美丽和身材都可能暗示着其他更重要的特质,并且在不同程度上影响着吸引力。肌肉发达程度的吸引力比面部特征更复杂,但肌肉发达的男性通常拥有更高的交配成功率。肌肉发达可能通过多种途径提高男性的交配成功率,例如增强其威慑力或暗示其更倾向于短期关系。BMI对男性和女性的吸引力影响不同,在西方文化中,较低的BMI对女性更具吸引力,但在其他文化中,情况可能不同。对女性身材偏好的研究结果因文化和经济环境而异,在资源匮乏的环境中,较重的女性更具吸引力;而在资源丰富的环境中,较轻的女性更具吸引力。对女性身材偏好的变化可能与“环境安全假说”有关,该假说认为在资源匮乏的环境中,较重的女性更能生存和繁衍。对女性身材的偏好存在文化差异,在资源匮乏的文化中,较丰满的身材更受欢迎。在西方文化背景下,男性普遍偏好身高略低于自己的女性,但女性对男性的身高偏好则更为明显。女性对伴侣的选择更具选择性,她们通常更看重伴侣的资源和社会经济地位。纹身对吸引力的影响存在争议,但它可能暗示着开放性和冒险精神。声明偏好和揭示偏好之间存在差异,这需要综合考虑。

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Macken Murphy is an evolutionary biologist at Oxford University, a writer and a podcaster.

No one has ever said they want to be less attractive. But what does attractive actually mean? What do humans like to look at in other humans, and why? Thankfully science has some insights to help you understand why you like what you like.

Expect to learn the role of symmetry in attraction, why the most average faces are actually the most attractive ones, how important muscles, waist-to-hip ratio, tattoos, beards, eye colour, height and voice are, how to work out what is a stated and what is a revealed preference and much more...

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