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cover of episode #883 - Dr Matthew Walker - The Science Of Perfect Sleep

#883 - Dr Matthew Walker - The Science Of Perfect Sleep

2024/12/30
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Modern Wisdom

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Matthew Walker: 我认为良好睡眠的关键在于四个方面:数量、质量、规律性和时间。理想的睡眠时间为7到9小时,但个体差异很大。睡眠质量主要体现在睡眠效率上,理想状态下应达到85%到90%。睡眠效率是指你在床上睡觉的时间占你总共在床上的时间的百分比。如果睡眠效率低,即使睡眠时间长,也应该缩短睡眠时间,提高睡眠效率。通过限制睡眠时间,可以提高睡眠效率,这就像在健身房锻炼一样,时间限制会迫使你提高效率。 睡眠质量还受到医疗状况、生活方式以及压力和焦虑的影响。压力会影响自主神经系统平衡,导致难以入睡。现代人的压力和焦虑会导致睡前反思和焦虑,影响睡眠。睡前释放压力和焦虑可以缩短入睡时间。冥想、呼吸练习、身体扫描和详细的思维漫步等方法可以帮助转移注意力,改善睡眠。 规律的睡眠时间对健康至关重要,其重要性甚至超过睡眠时长。睡眠时间和起床时间的波动范围应控制在15-20分钟以内。避免睡前使用电子设备,可以防止睡眠拖延。电子设备会分散注意力,影响睡眠,这比蓝光的影响更大。电子阅读器对睡眠的影响相对较小。 个体的睡眠时间与作息时间受基因影响,难以改变。睡眠障碍可能是睡眠时间与生物钟不匹配造成的。随着年龄增长,睡眠数量和质量都会下降。睡眠姿势对睡眠质量影响不大,但打鼾和胃食管反流除外。打鼾可能是睡眠呼吸暂停的症状,需要及时就医检查。侧卧位睡眠可以提高大脑的清洁效率。 夫妻同床睡眠会降低睡眠质量,但个体差异很大。睡眠不足会降低性激素水平,影响性生活。睡眠不足会降低同理心,加剧夫妻矛盾。咖啡因的半衰期较长,会影响睡眠质量。咖啡因对睡眠的影响取决于个体差异和摄入时间。酒精会影响睡眠质量,导致睡眠中断和REM睡眠减少。THC会影响睡眠质量,减少REM睡眠。褪黑素等补充剂对睡眠的改善效果有限,且存在潜在风险。CBD可能对睡眠有益,但其作用机制尚不明确。 正在开发一些新技术来改善睡眠,例如经颅直流电刺激和动觉振动。做梦是一种正常的生理和心理过程,具有治疗和促进创造力的作用。 Chris Williamson: 我个人经历了从睡眠不规律到规律的转变,深刻体会到规律睡眠对情绪、精力和整体健康状况的积极影响。睡眠不足就像一个持续运转的冰箱压缩机,只有当它停止运转时,你才会意识到它的存在。规律的睡眠让我感觉更好,情绪更稳定,食欲也更容易控制。睡眠就像情绪挡风玻璃雨刷,每天都能让你的生活更加清晰。睡眠不足会导致快感缺失,这是抑郁症的主要特征。 睡眠质量和规律性对健康的影响很大,甚至超过了睡眠数量。睡眠时间和起床时间应该尽量保持规律,即使有轻微波动(15-20分钟)也没关系。睡前应该避免使用电子设备,因为它们会分散注意力,影响睡眠。 电子阅读器对睡眠的影响相对较小,因为其屏幕的亮度和蓝光相对较低。人类的昼夜节律起源于海洋环境,蓝光对褪黑素的影响与之有关。睡眠姿势对睡眠质量影响不大,但侧卧位可能更有利于大脑清洁。 夫妻同床睡眠可能会降低睡眠质量,但可以通过一些方法来改善,例如使用分开的床单或被子,或者在睡前和醒来后进行亲密互动。咖啡因和酒精都会影响睡眠质量,应该适量饮用或避免在睡前饮用。 做梦对情绪调节和创造力有重要作用。重复做同样的梦可能与情绪处理或记忆巩固有关。一些新的技术,如经颅直流电刺激和动觉振动,可以帮助改善睡眠。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the concept of good sleep, including its four key components: quantity, quality, regularity, and timing. It discusses the importance of sleep efficiency and how to improve it.
  • Good sleep is defined by quantity, quality, regularity, and timing.
  • Sleep efficiency is a measure of how much time in bed is spent sleeping.
  • Constricting time in bed can improve sleep efficiency by building pressure.

Shownotes Transcript

Dr. Matthew Walker is a neuroscientist, professor at UC Berkley, and author.

Many of the mental and physical challenges you might be facing could have a surprisingly simple solution: more sleep. But why is sleep so essential? What happens when we sleep, and how can we optimize our sleep to maximize its benefits?

Expect to learn what defines good sleep, how stress impacts your sleep, the keys to getting and maintaining a regular sleep pattern, the best sleeping positions, how to stop snoring, why sleeping with your partner is making your sleep worse, if alcohol, THC and other supplements actually give you a better nights rest, the evolutionary reasons why we dream, the latest science and tech for hacking your sleep and much more... 

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