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Asteroids Headed Towards Earth with Rick Binzel

2025/3/25
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Neil deGrasse Tyson: 我关注的是宇宙的大尺度结构，而行星对我来说是另一个领域，行星科学家能够亲身前往他们研究的天体，这太令人兴奋了。 Chuck Nice: 我们讨论了危险的小行星、冥王星和第九行星。我仍然对冥王星被降级为矮行星耿耿于怀。 Rick Binzel: 我发明了都灵量表，用于衡量小行星撞击地球的危险程度。我参与了OSIRIS-REx任务，该任务成功地将小行星样本送回地球。我还研究了冥王星及其卫星，并对冥王星的质量进行了首次测量。我15岁时发表了一篇关于小行星的论文。都灵量表是一个0到10的等级量表，它综合考虑了小行星撞击地球的可能性和后果。目前，我们正处于黄色警戒级别，这意味着需要天文学家关注。如果概率恶化，我们会进入橙色警戒级别，表示存在潜在威胁。我们希望避免进入红色警戒级别，这意味着100%的撞击概率。都灵量表上的等级越高，造成的破坏就越大。2024 YR4小行星目前在都灵量表上的等级为3，这意味着如果它撞击地球，只会造成局部影响。但随着我们获得更多数据，它很可能会降至0级。直径50米的小行星撞击地球后，会形成一个直径10到20倍大小的陨石坑。通古斯事件中，大部分破坏是由冲击波造成的，而不是热量。阿波菲斯小行星曾一度在都灵量表上达到4级，但后来被修正为0级。2029年4月13日，阿波菲斯小行星将非常接近地球，但会安全通过。从贝努小行星带回的样本中，我们发现了构成生命所需的原始碳化学物质，包括一些基本的氨基酸。小行星是行星的组成部分，是构成行星的剩余物质。对柯伊伯带天体分布的异常现象表明，可能存在一颗尚未被发现的第九行星。

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The episode starts by introducing Rick Binzel, the creator of the Torino Scale, who studied asteroids and has one named after him. They discuss his career and his contributions to the field of planetary science, including his work on Pluto.
  • Rick Binzel invented the Torino scale for measuring asteroid hazards.
  • Binzel has an asteroid named after him (2873 Binzel).
  • He was a co-investigator on the OSIRIS-REx mission.
  • He made the first measurement of Pluto's moon Charon's light dimming, providing evidence for the moon's existence.

Shownotes Transcript

How likely is an asteroid to impact Earth? Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck Nice sit down with planetary scientist Rick Binzel, the creator of the Torino Scale, to discuss asteroid hazards, the results of the asteroid sample return, and the search for Planet 9.

NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/asteroids-headed-towards-earth-with-rick-binzel/

Thanks to our Patrons Euclid A LoGiudice, Todd Thedell, Girolamo Castaldo, Scott E Mann, Stephen Luick, Lou Perreault, Tom Womack, jonas dravland, Carla Garner, Matthew Smith, Marcy Hansen, Dale Schurman, David LoMonaco, Manoj Chugh, Lynn Cade, James Dudley, Gaterdog44, Ally Whitchurch, George Pipe, Collin Brumm, Amanda Phillips, George Murray, Daniel Persaud, Jason Bennett, Damon, Dutt Bobba, Gregorio Sanford, Dre Adamenko, rohit chaudhary, Krys Kap, Lukasz Kosturek, Nicholas Smith, Martin Wegner, kaley knowles, SciFiGriffin, Lucas Sanjuan, Jacob Hodges, BRET ANDERSON, Irina Cher, R B, Norway man, Wayne Gosson, and Fireworks for Buddha for supporting us this week.

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