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cover of episode Is Music the Language of the Universe? with Daniel Levitin

Is Music the Language of the Universe? with Daniel Levitin

2024/10/4
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StarTalk Radio

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript
People
C
Chuck Nice
D
Daniel Levitin
G
Gary O'Reilly
N
Neil deGrasse Tyson
以主持《宇宙:时空之旅》和《星谈》等科学节目而闻名的美国天体物理学家和科学传播者。
Topics
Neil deGrasse Tyson: 音乐可以改变情绪,让人沉浸其中;音乐在医学上有应用价值。 Chuck Nice: 古希腊人认为音乐有治疗作用。 Daniel Levitin: 音乐的进化并非单一目的,而是多种进化压力共同作用的结果;大脑中编码音乐的神经结构比编码语言的更早进化;音乐可以编码知识,在书写语言出现前就已存在;人类音乐与动物发声的区别在于无限的生成性和可变性;音乐可以促进母婴联系,舒缓歌曲释放催产素;音乐可以激活大脑各个部分,唤起特定时间和地点的记忆;音乐可以增强免疫系统,提高免疫球蛋白A、自然杀伤细胞和T细胞水平;音乐可以帮助治疗帕金森病、慢性疼痛、多发性硬化症、口吃和图雷特综合征等;音乐可以作为非药物疗法,降低医疗成本;记忆的形成是神经化学和神经电活动的产物,回忆和体验激活相同的神经元群;神经化学标记可以帮助区分记忆和实际事件、梦境和现实;状态依赖性记忆提取与情绪状态有关,而非单纯的生理状态;音乐可以帮助治疗抑郁症。 Neil deGrasse Tyson: 电影《第三类接触》中,人类用音乐音调与外星人沟通,体现了人类认为音乐可能是宇宙共通语言的假设;电影中外星人对音乐的品味很差;人类利用歌曲传递信息的方式类似于蜜蜂的舞蹈;人类音乐与动物发声的差异在于,人类音乐并非先天遗传的;即使患有阿尔茨海默病,病人也能记住并演唱歌曲;即使大脑的一部分受损,音乐家仍然能够记住并演奏歌曲;大脑具有冗余性,即使部分脑区受损,其他脑区仍然可以发挥作用;音乐家拥有较高的认知储备,即使脑区受损,仍然能够保持音乐能力;人们更倾向于选择能够记住的经历,而不是无法记住的经历;植入的记忆可能无法与真实的体验相媲美。 Chuck Nice: 音乐具有治疗的力量;人类早期教育很多都以歌曲的形式进行;音乐可以作为一种独特的线索来唤起记忆,类似于普鲁斯特的马德莱娜蛋糕或某种气味;状态依赖性记忆提取是指人们更容易回忆起在与学习时相同状态下学习的内容;抑郁症患者难以回忆起快乐的记忆。

Deep Dive

Chapters
Music, predating language, served as a crucial tool for early humans to transmit knowledge, from survival instructions to social bonding. Evidence like bone flutes and the practices of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies support this theory. Unlike the rigid, referential communication of animals, human music is flexible and generative, allowing for complex information encoding.
  • Bone flutes, dating back 40,000-60,000 years, are among the oldest human artifacts.
  • Music likely served as a proto-language, encoding knowledge about survival, routes, and social customs.
  • Human music is distinct from animal communication due to its generativity and non-referential nature.

Shownotes Transcript

Did early humans sing before they could talk? Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck Nice discover how music helps us recall memories, the Singing Neanderthal Theory, the default mode network, and how music can be used as medicine with neuroscientist and author, Daniel Levitin.

NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/is-music-the-language-of-the-universe-with-daniel-levitin/

Thanks to our Patrons Ezra, Akiri, Chaitanya Khoje, CarpeCosmos, George Shorts, Nancy Wolter, Ryan, Gary Boothe, Matt Borgstrand, Grant Gamblin, Shan Cretin, Lindahl Freeze, Gordon Vu, SHAN KAR, Connor Holm, and Gaute Monsen for supporting us this week.

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