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cover of episode Solar Storms & Super Hurricanes with Richard Spinrad

Solar Storms & Super Hurricanes with Richard Spinrad

2024/11/19
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Neil deGrasse Tyson
以主持《宇宙:时空之旅》和《星谈》等科学节目而闻名的美国天体物理学家和科学传播者。
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Richard Spinrad
Topics
Richard Spinrad: 作为美国商务部海洋与大气事务副部长和NOAA局长,我负责预测和应对极端天气和空间风暴。NOAA 的任务是预测未来气候变化,而不是追究责任。我们利用海洋和大气数据来预测飓风的形成、发展和移动,并通过改进模型和技术来提高预测精度。先前降水饱和的陆地可以为飓风提供额外能量,导致更严重的洪涝灾害。气候变化导致海洋和大气温度升高,飓风可以携带更多水分,造成更严重的洪涝灾害。海洋底部的地形会影响洋流和风暴潮,对飓风的影响至关重要。NOAA 的任务还包括监测和预测空间天气,例如太阳风暴,并采取相应的措施来保护卫星和电网等基础设施。我们使用新的卫星和技术来观测和预测太阳风暴,并提前几天预测太阳风暴,为应对措施提供充足的时间。虽然无法移动卫星来躲避太阳风暴,但可以通过预测来采取相应的措施,例如关闭电网或使用备用卫星。龙卷风的平均预警时间约为12分钟,这比几十年前有了显著提高。NOAA 的年度预算略低于70亿美元,其工作在挽救生命和保护生计方面具有巨大的价值。NOAA 与其他国家开展国际合作,共享数据并制定政策,以改善天气预报和渔业管理。海洋吸收了大气中相当一部分的二氧化碳,但即使停止所有化石燃料燃烧,海洋的反应也需要几十年时间。海洋酸化是二氧化碳溶解增加的一种表现,会导致珊瑚白化和死亡。飓风强度和频率正在增加,这可能是新的常态。需要考虑飓风的多种影响因素,而不仅仅是风速。极端天气事件为改进气候模型提供了宝贵的数据,人工智能和机器学习技术在其中发挥着重要作用。NOAA 正在投资提高数据收集和处理能力,以改进天气预报。NOAA 提供的各种服务,包括天气预报、航海图制作和渔业管理等,每天每位美国人只需花费6美分。 Neil deGrasse Tyson: NOAA 的工作超越了政治,其基础是科学。 Chuck Nice: 提出了关于飓风分类、空间天气事件以及NOAA 预算和国际合作等问题,并与Richard Spinrad 进行讨论。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why is it important for NOAA to predict extreme weather events like hurricanes and solar storms?

Predicting extreme weather helps in preparing for and mitigating the impacts of hurricanes and space storms, which can cause significant damage and disruption.

How much does NOAA's services cost per American per day?

NOAA's services cost Americans only six cents per day, covering a range of activities from weather prediction to nautical charting.

What are some of the broader responsibilities of NOAA beyond weather prediction?

NOAA is responsible for making nautical charts, managing marine protected areas, and fisheries management, among other services.

How does NOAA's work transcend political leadership?

NOAA's activities are grounded in scientific research, which remains consistent regardless of political leadership, ensuring continuity and reliability in its services.

What was the main takeaway from the discussion about NOAA's role in society?

The discussion highlighted NOAA's essential role in various aspects of life, from weather prediction to marine management, all at a minimal cost to the public.

Chapters
Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck Nice discuss the role of NOAA in predicting extreme weather events, including hurricanes and solar storms, with NOAA Administrator Richard Spinrad.
  • NOAA's mission includes predicting and projecting future weather and climate changes.
  • The agency's predictions are crucial for making informed decisions about evacuations and other safety measures.
  • NOAA's relationship with the Navy highlights the importance of ocean and atmospheric data for national security.

Shownotes Transcript

How do we predict our planet's most powerful forces? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice learn about extreme weather, hurricanes, coronal mass ejections, and preparing for space storms hurtling our way with NOAA Administrator Richard Spinrad.

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Thanks to our Patrons Dwight N Keown, Nathan Veatch, CURTIS J ESSEN, John Havranek, Vanessa Harding, Aiden Chauvette, Matthew Stork, SpaceTimePete, larry hughes, Anselmo Garcia, Nessa Nova, Tanya Henry, Neil Livingston, oliver stanton, Regis, Micheal Stewart, DP337, Rob Butler, Beth, and Caton Smith for supporting us this week.

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