cover of episode The Last Roman Emperors

The Last Roman Emperors

2025/5/15
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The Ancients

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Adrian Goldsworthy
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Tristan Hughes
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Tristan Hughes: 西罗马帝国并非在一场盛大的战役或英雄般的抵抗中灭亡,而是在一次无声的退位中结束。476年,少年皇帝罗慕路斯·奥古斯都在拉文纳交出了皇权象征,标志着西罗马帝国的终结。罗慕路斯·奥古斯都是最后一个拥有西方皇帝头衔的人,他的辞职标志着一个漫长而传奇时代的结束。要理解奥古斯都皇帝退位的背景,必须深入研究一个充斥着暴力篡夺和政治阴谋的时代,一个傀儡皇帝受制于强大的蛮族统治者的时代。瓦伦丁尼安三世被刺杀后,西罗马帝国陷入混乱,权力真空被无数觊觎者填补,但他们都碌碌无为,只有马约里安曾短暂地扭转了帝国的颓势。在动荡时期,哥特人的拥立者里西默始终是幕后人物,他是一位极其出色的军事指挥官,在长达二十年的时间里,他操纵着权力,随心所欲地拥立和废黜了四位不幸的皇帝,每位皇帝在位时间都不超过五年。里西默死后,西罗马帝国继续衰落,直到来自潘诺尼亚平原的匈奴将军奥雷斯特斯出现。奥雷斯特斯曾是阿提拉宫廷的使节,他看到了罗马的衰落,并抓住机会夺取了帝国,他从阿尔卑斯山进军拉文纳,说服傀儡皇帝逃亡,并让自己的儿子罗慕路斯登上皇位。罗慕路斯即位后被称为奥古斯都,但因其年幼而被嘲笑,被称为罗慕路斯·奥古斯都鲁斯,奥雷斯特斯打算像他的哥特前辈一样统治,而他的儿子只是残酷权力游戏中的一枚棋子。奥古斯都鲁斯即位和奥雷斯特斯掌权后,并没有如他预期的那样成功,他用来废黜合法皇帝的军队只是一群乌合之众,他们只忠于掠夺和土地的承诺,当奥雷斯特斯拒绝给予他们土地时,他们发动了叛乱。奥雷斯特斯的下属奥杜瓦卡承诺士兵们找到他们想要的土地,从而平息了混乱,通过煽动叛乱和内战,他在普拉琴提亚平原击败了奥雷斯特斯,但代价是什么?事后看来,奥杜瓦卡的起义敲响了一个衰落帝国的丧钟,在胜利一个月后,奥多亚克迫使少年皇帝罗慕路斯·奥古斯都退位,但他没有继位,而是成为了国王。奥多亚克成为了国王,恢复了自公元前509年罗马君主制被推翻以来一直处于休眠状态的头衔,西罗马帝国彻底瓦解,领土被哥特人、撒克逊人、法兰克人和汪达尔人瓜分。西罗马帝国彻底瓦解,领土被哥特人、撒克逊人、法兰克人和汪达尔人瓜分,新的家族正在崛起,从衰败的帝国残骸中开辟自己的领地,帝国时代结束,国王时代来临。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The Western Roman Empire's collapse in 476 AD wasn't marked by a grand battle, but by the abdication of the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus. This episode explores the chaotic final decades leading to this event, characterized by political instability, military mutinies, and foreign ambitions.
  • Romulus Augustulus' abdication marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.
  • The empire's fall was a gradual process, not a sudden event.
  • Political infighting, military mutinies, and foreign ambitions contributed to the empire's decline.

Shownotes Transcript

No grand battle. No final blaze of glory. In 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire collapsed not with a roar, but with a quiet abdication. A boy emperor - Romulus Augustulus - handed over the regalia of power in Ravenna, signalling the end of an empire that had once ruled the known world. But how did it come to this?

In this episode, the finale of our Fall of Rome miniseries, Tristan Hughes is joined by historian and bestselling author Adrian Goldsworthy to chart the chaotic final decades of the Western Roman Empire. From puppet emperors and ruthless kingmakers like Ricimer to the meteoric rise of Odoacer, discover how political infighting, military mutiny, and foreign ambition brought the Roman West to its knees - and ushered in the age of kings.

MORE: Roman Emperors with Mary Beard: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7C7wRHjSPeif9pLD2UZJyY?si=5226c8e7f9584336)

Presented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Aidan Lonergan, the producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.

All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds

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