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cover of episode Dexter Filkins on the Dilemma at the Border

Dexter Filkins on the Dilemma at the Border

2023/6/16
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The New Yorker Radio Hour

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Dexter Filkins: 本文作者Dexter Filkins深入美国与墨西哥边境,报道了自拜登政府上任以来大规模移民涌入的现象。他指出,要理解这一问题的严重性,必须亲眼目睹边境的情况。他走访了埃尔帕索、德尔里奥和鹰通行等多个边境城市,并与德州州警一起乘坐直升机巡逻,亲眼目睹了大量移民涌入的场景。据统计,自拜登政府上任以来,已有约400万人进入美国边境,其中约150万人未被捕获。这些移民来自世界各地,并非仅仅来自墨西哥,他们的背景和经历各不相同。Filkins强调,边境墙并不能完全阻止移民,只要越过河流踏上美国领土,移民就能进入美国。他分析了移民数量激增的原因,认为特朗普政府的强硬言辞和疫情导致2020年移民数量下降,而拜登政府上任后,其相对宽松的移民政策以及对寻求政治庇护者的接纳态度,导致移民数量激增。他还指出,美国陈旧的移民系统是造成这一困境的重要原因,国会长期以来未能就移民改革达成共识,导致系统效率低下,处理申请需要数年时间。Filkins采访了德尔里奥市长布鲁诺·洛扎诺,他描述了该市因移民涌入而面临的巨大压力,以及他本人因无力应对而放弃连任的经历。Filkins还讲述了多个移民的个人故事,例如一位名叫朱莉的哥伦比亚女同性恋者,她因在哥伦比亚遭受歧视和暴力而逃亡美国。这些故事展现了移民们逃离暴力、歧视和不稳定局势的艰辛历程。 David Remnick: David Remnick作为访谈主持人,引导Dexter Filkins阐述其观察和分析,并就美国移民政策、两党政治分歧、移民系统改革等问题进行深入探讨。他追问了拜登政府的具体移民政策,以及这些政策的实际效果和民众的反响。他还探讨了“合理的移民改革”的可能性,以及为什么历届政府都未能成功推动移民系统改革。此外,他还就“开放边境”的说法进行了澄清,指出美国边境并非完全开放,但移民涌入规模巨大,给美国社会带来了巨大的挑战。

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Biden faced criticism from both Republicans and some Democratic mayors over the surge of migrants at the border, leading to a complex situation with limited resources and legal challenges.

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Dexter Filkins has reported on conflict situations around the world, and recently spent months reporting on the situation at the U.S.-Mexico border. In a recent piece), Filkins tries to untangle how conditions around the globe, an abrupt change in executive direction from Trump to Biden, and an antiquated immigration system have created a chaotic situation. “It’s difficult to appreciate the scale and the magnitude of what’s happening there unless you see it,” Filkins tells David Remnick. Last year, during a surge at the border, local jurisdictions struggled to provide humanitarian support for thousands of migrants, leading Democratic politicians to openly criticize the Administration. While hardliners dream of a wall across the two-thousand-mile border, “they can’t build a border wall in the middle of a river,” Filkins notes. “So if you can get across the river, and you can get your foot on American soil, that’s all you need to do.” Migrants surrendering to Border Patrol and requesting asylum then enter a yearslong limbo as their claims work through an overburdened system. The last major overhaul of the immigration system took place in 1986, Filkins explains, and with Republicans and Democrats perpetually at loggerheads, there is no will to fix a system that both sides acknowledge as broken.