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cover of episode Jonathan Mitchell, a Prominent Anti-Abortion Lawyer, on Restraining the Power of the Supreme Court

Jonathan Mitchell, a Prominent Anti-Abortion Lawyer, on Restraining the Power of the Supreme Court

2023/6/27
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Jonathan Mitchell: Mitchell 认为司法至上并非宪法原则,最高法院不应拥有对宪法解释的最终权威。他认为,国会和州议会也可能对宪法有不同解读,并以德克萨斯州心跳法案(SB8)为例,说明州如何通过巧妙的立法设计来规避最高法院的裁决,从而挑战司法至上的原则。他认为,这并非州试图推翻联邦法律,而是州行使权力制衡的一种方式。他同时反驳了将他的观点与约翰·C·卡尔霍恩的州权理论相提并论的观点,强调他并不主张州有权否决联邦立法,而是认为最高法院的裁决也应受到制衡。他还指出,国会可以通过剥夺法院管辖权的方式来限制最高法院的权力,但这并未得到充分利用。在堕胎问题上,他认为,如果州的检察官不愿执行反堕胎法律,民事执法可以作为一种替代途径。他还认为,宪法目前没有文本支持从受孕开始就赋予胎儿生命权,并且对"人"的理解通常是指已经出生的人,而不是未出生的人。最后,他认为最高法院并非保护妇女权利或同性恋权利的唯一机构,州立法机关也可以发挥作用,Dobbs 案的裁决促使一些州采取行动,进一步推进堕胎权利。 Jeannie Suk Gerson: Gerson 作为采访者,主要通过提问引导 Mitchell阐述其观点,并就其观点中可能存在的争议之处进行追问,例如,将 Mitchell 的论点与历史上的州权抗争进行比较,以及质疑 SB8 是否会成为骚扰的工具。

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Jonathan Mitchell, the architect of Texas's SB-8 legislation, explains how he crafted the law to allow individuals to sue for facilitating abortions, aiming to avoid pre-enforcement challenges by removing state officials from the enforcement role.

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In recent years, the attorney Jonathan Mitchell has become a crucial figure in the anti-abortion movement. Advising a Texas state senator, Mitchell developed Texas’s S.B. 8 legislation, which allows for civil lawsuits against individuals who have helped facilitate an abortion—acts like driving a patient to an appointment. The law was crafted to evade review by the Supreme Court in the period before Dobbs ended the precedent of Roe v. Wade. Opponents of the law have called it state-sponsored vigilantism. Mitchell is now representing a man seeking millions of dollars in civil damages from friends of his ex-wife—who helped her access abortion medication—in a wrongful death lawsuit. And yet, despite his conservative politics, Mitchell has something in common with some legal thinkers on the left: a critique of the Supreme Court and its extraordinary power. As an opponent of the belief in judicial supremacy, Mitchell asks, “Why should it be the Supreme Court and not Congress?” to have the last word on what the Constitution means. “Why should it be the Supreme Court and not a state legislature that might have a different view?” Mitchell rarely gives interviews, but he agreed to speak with The New Yorker’s contributor, Jeannie Suk Gersen), a professor at Harvard Law School who clerked for the former Supreme Court Justice David Souter.