UNBIASED Politics (5/12/25): Suspending Habeas Corpus, the Qatari Government's $400M Gift, Mayor Arrested at ICE Facility, an Attempt to Lower Drug Prices, and More.
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Welcome back to Unbiased, your favorite source of unbiased news and legal analysis.

Welcome back to Unbiased Politics. Today is Monday, May 12th. Let's talk about some news. I have two things to tell you first, though. One is a reminder. The second is an announcement. The second is probably more important than the first, so just stick around. As a reminder, tomorrow is Tuesday, which means another edition of my incredible newsletter will be hitting inboxes at 6 a.m. Eastern Time. So be sure to subscribe if you are not subscribed already. It's free online.

All you need is an email address. You'll get caught up on, you know, all the quick hitters in politics, pop culture, business, and health news. And you can find the link to subscribe in the show notes of this episode. The second thing is an announcement, and that is this. Today will unfortunately be the last day of news episodes until the week of May 25th.

I unfortunately have to get surgery later this week. I'm not looking forward to it, but it's going to be okay. And they say I will be out of commission for about a week and a half. However, don't worry. I will still have episodes for you. Over the course of the next week and a half, I'm going to be putting out a three-part series titled Everything You Need to Know About the Three Branches of the U.S. Government. So you won't actually be missing out on any episodes because I'll still be releasing episodes regularly.

per the usual podcast schedule. They will just be pre-recorded and not based on current events. Instead, based on, you know, there'll be educational episodes about the functions of the U.S. government. When I've done this in the past, you guys have absolutely loved it. So I hope you love this new three-part series just as much. I will be covering the legislative branch this Thursday, the judicial branch on Monday, and then the executive branch next Thursday.

And then hopefully by the following Monday, I'll be back and ready to go. So yeah, that's my announcement. With that out of the way, let's get into today's episode. First story of the day, right after Thursday's episode went out, a new pope was elected. So let's talk about who he is and a little bit about what his politics are, or at least his

seem to be from the little that we do know, right? As I've said in the past, I don't typically touch on foreign affairs because it can be a pretty slippery slope. But because so many of you requested that I talk about the conclave, which I did, I figured I would provide this update as well. So Robert Francis Prentice.

who will go by Pope Leo XIV, became the 267th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He made history by becoming the first American-born Pope. He was born on September 14, 1955 in Chicago, Illinois, the south side of Chicago to be exact.

He received his Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from Villanova University in 1977 and a Master of Divinity from the Catholic Theological Union in Chicago in 1982. Now, I do want to just stop for a second and say there are a lot of words, so I'm not Catholic.

okay and i have touched up on all of my pronunciation ahead of this story i just want to know if i just mess something up please don't come for me i really did try to get all of my pronunciation down before doing this story but like i'm only human i may make a mistake okay so pope leo pursued advanced studies in canon law at the pontifical university of saint thomas aquinas in rome he

He obtained a licentiate in 1984 and a doctorate in 1987. In 1985, he began his missionary service in Peru and again returned to Peru in 1988, spending a decade as head of the Augustinian Seminary.

professor at the diocesan seminary, judicial vicar, and parish priest in impoverished areas. His work focused on pastoral care, education, and social justice. He was eventually elected as prior general of the Order of St. Augustine in 2001, a

a position he held for roughly 12 years until 2013. And after completing his term, he returned to the United States, serving as the director of the Augustinian Formation House in Chicago. In 2014, Pope Francis appointed him as Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Chiclayo, Peru, and titular Bishop of Sufar.

Pope Leo was consecrated on December 12, 2024, and became the bishop of Chiclayo in 2015. In January 2023, Pope Francis appointed Pope Leo as prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops, and in that position, he oversaw the selection of bishops worldwide and was made a cardinal later that year. So following the death of Pope Francis on April 21st, a conclave of 133 cardinals convened

as we talked about last week. And on May 8th, after four rounds of voting, Robert Francis Presbyterian

Prevost was elected Pope, taking the name Pope Leo XIV. As for his politics, he has been characterized as a moderate progressive, upholding traditional Catholic doctrines while advocating for social justice. He's expressed opposition to things like abortion, the death penalty, euthanasia, and gender ideology in schools, aligning with core church teachings.

He emphasizes compassion and inclusivity, particularly concerning immigration and climate change. His choice of the name Leo pays homage to Pope Leo XIII, known for championing workers' rights and social justice. Social justice has been a theme throughout Pope Leo's entire life. A few fun facts about Pope Leo are that he is a Chicago White Sox fan. He loves to play Wordle with his brother. He's met three popes, so Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI, and Pope Francis.

He has Creole Ancestry in New Orleans. And then finally, he watched the movie Conclave right before his own Conclave. And if you still haven't seen it, I did recommend it to you guys last week. If you still haven't seen it, I still recommend that you watch it.

Switching gears a bit to some immigration-related matters here at home. On Friday, the DHS said that three lawmakers and the mayor of Newark, New Jersey, quote-unquote, stormed an ICE facility known as Delaney Hall Detention Center. This encounter led to the Newark mayor's arrest and conflicting stories from both sides. So let's talk about this.

U.S. House Democrats LaMonica McIver, Bonnie Watson Coleman, and Rob Menendez, plus Newark's mayor, showed up to the ICE detention facility as part of a group of protesters that had assembled outside the security gates of the facility. The protest took place after Newark politicians alleged that the facility was inhumanely housing migrants without proper permitting, plumbing, electricity, and fire codes.

According to the DHS press release, Congresswoman Watson Coleman and Congressman Menendez then joined protesters in making it past the security gate. And the press release says that the two, quote, broke into the detention facility, end quote, by chasing a bus of detainees entering the gate and continuing into the facility itself.

According to a post by Congresswoman Watson Coleman, though, the lawmakers were there to exercise their oversight authority as members of Congress. So here is what we know about the lawmakers' authority to be there. A CNN report said that under the Annual Appropriations Act, which is an annual bill passed by Congress that designates the distribution of federal funds to federal agencies, lawmakers

lawmakers are allowed to enter any facility operated by or for the DHS, which is used to detain or otherwise house aliens, and that members of Congress are not required to provide prior notice of the intent to enter a facility in their capacity to conduct oversight. Now, I read the actual annual appropriations bill for you because, as I always say, it's really easy to read these articles, right? The hard part is actually reading the bill. And oftentimes, these

laws are not written in a way that, you know, it's not easy to understand. That's just the reality. So here's what the law actually says. And this is not to say that CNN is wrong. I just want you to have the actual verbiage because if we know anything about the law, it is that laws can be interpreted in many, many ways. And that is the purpose of the judiciary, which we will get more into in the three-part series that I will be releasing over the next week and a half. So this annual appropriations bill says this, quote,

None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available to DHS may be used to prevent any of the following persons from entering, for the purpose of conducting oversight, any facility operated by or for the DHS used to detain or otherwise house aliens.

End quote. Then right below that, the law says, quote, End quote. So the questions here really are as follows.

Were the lawmakers there to conduct oversight? Did DHS have a 24-hour notice requirement? If so, was notice given? And then also, what happens, if anything, when lawmakers show up with protesters as part of a coordinated effort, coordinated protesting effort with the public rather than showing up by themselves? Does that change anything as far as legalities go? So based on the text of the law, these are the questions that should be answered.

According to a spokesperson for Congresswoman Watson Coleman, the group of lawmakers had been granted access to enter and inspect the facility between 3 and 4 p.m. on Friday. But as you'll hear in a few minutes, Congressman Menendez said the facility did not know they were going to be there. So that's another thing that we don't really have definitive answers on.

Now, another thing I want to highlight is that the appropriations law only applies to members of Congress, not Newark's mayor. So this could explain why the mayor and only the mayor was ultimately arrested. But DHS has not confirmed this to be the reason.

Despite the mayor's lack of authorization to be at the facility or inside the facility, he defended himself by saying this, quote, I didn't go there to break any laws. I didn't break any laws. I was there as the mayor of the city exercising my right and duty as an elected official, you know, supporting our congresspeople, preparing for a press conference that was supposed to happen there, end quote.

Following the encounter and in response to the lawmakers' claims of concern about the facility and its detention of migrants, DHS officials said that this particular facility holds, quote, murderers, terrorists, child rapists, and MS-13 gang members.

DHS has alleged that they have body camera footage showing members of Congress, meaning the three members that showed up on Friday, assaulting ICE officers and, quote, body slamming a female ICE officer, end quote. DHS posted a video of Congresswoman McIver engaging with law enforcement, captioned, Watch. U.S. Congresswoman LaMonica McIver storms the gate of Delaney Hall Detention Center, assaulting an ICE agent.

Now, in the video, MacIver can be seen pushing her way through a crowd, though she's also getting pushed at the same time by someone behind her. At one point, she is seen raising her arm and punching the back of an ICE officer's shoulder.

It's hard to see exactly what is transpiring in the video because it is a pretty chaotic scene and there's really only one angle of everything, at least from what the DHS posted. But I do, of course, have that video linked for you in the sources section of this episode if you want to see it for yourself.

Assistant Secretary of DHS Tricia McLaughlin criticized the lawmakers for endangering law enforcement officers and wrote, quote, members of Congress storming into a detention facility goes beyond a bizarre political stunt and puts the safety of our law enforcement agents and detainees at risk.

Members of Congress are not above the law and cannot illegally break into detention facilities. End quote. She also said, quote, had these members requested a tour, we would have facilitated a tour of the facility. End quote. Appearing on Fox, McLaughlin said, quote, if it was a typical U.S. citizen and they tried to storm into a detention facility that's housing dangerous criminals or any person at all, they would have been arrested. Just because you are a member of Congress or just because you're a public official does not mean you are above the law.

End quote. Contrary to that claim, though, we know after reviewing the law that lawmakers do have certain oversight rules not afforded to private U.S. citizens. So keep that in mind. McLaughlin also said that, quote, arrests are still on the table for this as the ongoing investigation seeks to determine whether law enforcement officers were assaulted by the lawmakers.

The lawmakers have given a different account, as we know. So Congresswoman Watson Coleman responded to the description of the incident as stated in the DHS press release, calling it a lie. She said, quote, The description is false in every way imaginable. The notion that I or any of my colleagues body slammed armed federal officers is absurd. DHS is lying because they know their agents were out of line. They have to resort to lies because their conduct is indefensible on the merits.

They can threaten us all they like, but their lies are still lies. We will not be intimidated. End quote. Watson Coleman also said, quote,

End quote. Congressman Menendez responded to the DHS's statement saying, quote, We have the right to conduct oversight on an unannounced basis. It's a right that members of Congress have. They did not know that we were going to be there, but we announced ourselves. They asked us to wait. We obliged. We waited an hour and a half.

End quote. Menendez added that the description in the DHS press release is, quote, false in every way possible. The real thing they should be responding to is the fact that an ICE agent put his hands on two female members of Congress. If they're looking to have law and order and accountability, they should have answers to that. Trying to spin this and gaslight the American people will not stand.

So the lawmakers claim that they were the ones mishandled by officers at the ICE facility, which contradicts DHS and McLaughlin's account that lawmakers may have assaulted ICE officers, you know, and specifically the DHS account that Congresswoman McIver specifically assaulted an ICE agent. McIver did write on X, and McLaughlin did write on Y.

that she and Watson Coleman were shoved and manhandled and made these claims again later in a press conference in which she reported that she was, quote, assaulted by multiple ICE officers while regional directors of ICE watched it happen. Again, I do have that body cam footage

linked for you in the sources section of this episode if you're interested in watching it but per usual a lot of conflicting storylines here that is what we know at this point let's take our first break here when i come back we'll talk about some more immigration related matters including the administration looking into suspending habeas corpus what that means and more

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Welcome back. Some more immigration related news. This one is an update to a story from a couple of weeks ago. You might remember a couple of weeks back we talked about that story where two mothers were deported and sent back to their home country with their U.S. citizen children who ranged in age from two to seven years old.

Well, following that, the ACLU filed a lawsuit against DHS for wrongfully deporting the two-year-old U.S. citizen child. So this was two separate families when I originally reported on it, right? One mom was deported with her two-year-old child. The other mom was deported with her four-year-old and seven-year-old.

So the ACLU's lawsuit was filed on behalf of the one two-year-old child. And in that lawsuit, the ACLU alleged the child was wrongfully deported. Because remember, as a U.S. citizen, you cannot be deported.

The government, though, maintained that the child was not deported. Instead, the child was removed with its mother, who had requested that she be able to take her child with her. The DHS also clarified that a proper parent or guardian could bring the child back to the U.S. so long as the parent or guardian was a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States.

The latest update in this situation came on Friday. The ACLU voluntarily dismissed its lawsuit against the government with the lawyer for the family, Gracie Willis, saying that the families were taking time to think about their choices and focus on their children's health and safety.

The attorney's statement said in part, quote,

End quote. Willis also characterized the claims that the child was not deported as misleading and disingenuous. She said from what she was told by her client, the mother was told by ICE officers, quote, "...your children will be deported with you."

Willis also addressed a handwritten note that was filed by the government in the case, which the government says was voluntarily written by the mother and says that she will bring her child with her. Willis, the family's attorney, says the decision to write that note was not a decision made by the mother, but a statement she was told to write.

In response to this voluntary dismissal, Assistant DHS Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said, quote, the ACLU dropped its lawsuit on the false claims that DHS deported a U.S. citizen. The truth is and has always been that the mother, who is in the country illegally, chose to bring her two-year-old with her to Honduras when she was removed. The narrative that DHS is deporting American children is false and irresponsible. End quote.

OK, moving on. One of the biggest storylines of the week is that the Trump administration is considering suspending habeas corpus. Let's talk about this because I'm sure a lot of you have a lot of questions about what this means and why we're even talking about it, potentially even what habeas corpus is.

On Friday, White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller said the administration is, quote, actively looking at, end quote, the possibility of suspending habeas corpus in the context of the deportations of illegal immigrants. So first, what is habeas corpus?

Habeas corpus is a legal procedure that allows people to challenge the lawfulness of their detention. Keep in mind, habeas corpus is not specific to immigration. So prisoners use habeas corpus to challenge their convictions or challenge their sentences. They argue that their imprisonment is unlawful. So it's a challenge that can be used by anyone in detention.

In this case, though, the administration is considering suspending the procedure specifically for illegal immigrants on the basis that there is an invasion. And we'll get into that more in a minute. But first, I want to say we kind of heard President Trump talk about his rationale for this in a recent interview with ABC or not ABC NBC's Kristen Welker. So he was asked by Welker whether he understands that all people in the United States, regardless of citizenship status,

status are afforded due process. And he said, well, I don't know that. And, you know, I'm going to leave that for the lawyers to sort out. But he also said there are millions and millions of people that don't have a legal right to be here that he wants to deport. And it wouldn't make sense to give all

all of them the right to challenge their removal because that would take decades. So that gave us a little glimpse into why the administration is looking at this potential idea of suspending habeas corpus because without habeas corpus, those in the country illegally wouldn't have a right to challenge the lawfulness of their detention.

Now, to give you a little background, habeas corpus was introduced in very early America by James Madison, and it's been recognized by the Supreme Court. In fact, it's in the Constitution. We'll talk about that more in a minute, too. The Supreme Court has said that the writ of habeas corpus is the, quote, "...fundamental instrument for safeguarding individual freedom against arbitrary and lawless state action."

End quote. The Supreme Court also said it, quote, must be administered with the initiative and flexibility essential to ensure that miscarriages of justice within its reach are surfaced and corrected. End quote. In addition to this Supreme Court precedent, habeas corpus has roots in the Constitution, specifically in the suspension clause. Now, what the suspension clause says is this. It says the privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless

unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. Now, one issue is that despite the inclusion of this suspension clause in the Constitution, the clause does not specify which branch of government holds the power to actually suspend habeas corpus. It's long been assumed, though, that the power belongs to Congress, and there's a couple of reasons for this.

One, because most of the other clauses in the same section of the Constitution are directed at Congress. But also, two, because throughout history, the only four suspensions of habeas corpus were authorized by Congress. In fact, during the Civil War, which was the first suspension of habeas corpus, Congress

President Lincoln suspended it himself unilaterally as the president, and he got a lot of pushback for it. And that pushback ultimately led to Lincoln seeking congressional approval. And since then, congressional approval has been given every time habeas corpus has been suspended.

On the other side of the argument, though, you have the fact that the Constitution does not explicitly say which branch of government holds the power, which could mean that the framers didn't intend to give the power to any one particular branch. In fact...

At the first constitutional convention, the first proposal of a suspending authority expressly vested the suspending power in the legislature. However, the author of that proposal did not keep that same language when the matter was taken up.

And the clause was ultimately adopted without express legislative authority. So does this mean the framers intended for the authority to actually belong to other branches of government and not just the legislature? We don't know, but it begs the question. Can President Trump attempt to unilaterally suspend habeas corpus like Lincoln once tried to do?

Per usual, different sides argue different things, right? The Trump administration highlights the fact that, again, the suspension clause, you know, doesn't expressly vest suspending power in the legislature. And the fact that the suspension clause specifically states that habeas corpus can be suspended during times of invasion, which the administration says is currently applicable to the immigration situation in the United States.

As we know, the president used the same rationale in issuing his March executive order, which invoked the Alien Enemies Act.

Stephen Miller, the White House deputy chief of staff, said that whether this justification will stand in allowing a suspension of habeas corpus to proceed will be determined by whether the courts, quote, do the right thing or not. End quote. In other words, if the courts don't allow the administration to continue with its expedited deportation efforts, that's when the administration would consider suspending habeas corpus.

Certain legal experts have criticized the administration over this strategy and have pointed out that only Congress can suspend habeas corpus per the Constitution and per precedent. According to Georgetown Law Center professor Steve Vladeck, quote,

In other words, it's not the judicial review itself that's imperiling national security, it's the possibility that the government might lose. That's not and has never been a viable argument for suspending habeas corpus. End quote. Vladeck also called Miller's comments factually and legally nuts.

Some legal experts worry that approval for the Trump administration to carry out this action of suspension would result in a shift in the balance of power, placing the executive above the legislature and the courts.

Okay, final immigration-related story of the day. Well, I guess until we get to the birthright citizenship case, but final immigration story for now. Yesterday, the first South African refugees arrived in the United States under the president's new South Africa-specific refugee program. And

In February, President Trump issued an executive order titled Addressing Egregious Actions of the Republic of South America. This order was issued in response to South Africa's recent enactment of a law called Expropriation Act 13 of 2024. It allows the South African government to seize agricultural property that is owned by ethnic minority Afrikaners without compensation.

Per Trump's executive order, the United States is not to provide aid or assistance to South Africa and two, will promote the resettlement of Afrikaner refugees, escaping what it calls government-sponsored race-based discrimination, including racially discriminatory property confiscation.

A couple of things to note here. So one, South Africa's affirmative action policies are meant to correct historical inequality under apartheid by targeting white people. This is something the administration says fosters reverse racism. Two, no land has actually been confiscated under this new South African law, but Afrikaners have concerns that it will happen down the road.

The Trump administration, along with South African-born Elon Musk, argued that white Afrikaners are facing persecution through violent farm attacks and a lack of government protection. Notably, while farm-related violence has long been a concern in South Africa, it does affect both white and black rural communities. Whites, however, say that the government is failing to protect them.

These concerns have played a big factor in their eligibility for refugee status in the United States. However, the specific criteria and application process have not been made public. White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller said the treatment of Afrikaners in South Africa, "...fits the textbook definition of why the refugee program was created," emphasizing that it qualifies as "...persecution based on a protected characteristic, in this case, race."

End quote. Now, the South African government has denied claims of persecution against white Afrikaners, calling them, quote, completely false and based on misinformation. It argues that Afrikaners who are the descendants of Dutch and French colonial settlers are among the wealthiest and most successful people in the country, making them some of the most economically privileged citizens.

With a population of 2.7 million Afrikaners out of the 62 million total South Africans, many in the country are thrown off by these refugee claims given Afrikaner's prominent status. Although the South African government has stated there was no valid reason for the relocation, it said that it would not prevent those that want to leave and respects their right to choose.

One other criticism that the Trump administration is facing in light of the South African refugee program is that it has sped up the refugee application process for white South Africans while simultaneously pausing some of the other refugee programs like those enacted during the Biden administration for, you know, people in countries like Venezuela and Honduras, as well as individuals in Afghanistan and sub-Saharan Africa.

So that's what's going on with the South African refugees. That's why they arrived in the United States yesterday. We don't know how many have applied for or have been granted refugee status as part of this particular program, but apparently some reports are saying tens of thousands have expressed interest.

Next story, is the administration being gifted a jumbo jet by the Qatari government? According to the press secretary, the answer is yes, so long as it's legal. So over the weekend, reports started coming in that the royal family of Qatar was gifting President Trump a jumbo jet to be used as Air Force One.

It's reportedly a $400 million Boeing 747-8, which will be first sent to the U.S. Air Force to be modified in compliance with military specifications. And then at some point before January 1st, 2029, which is right before Trump's last day in office, the plane will be transferred to the Trump Presidential Library Foundation, similar to Reagan's plane, which was decommissioned and currently sits on display at Reagan's Presidential Library in California.

Keep in mind, the current planes that are used as Air Force One are two Boeing 747-200 jumbo jets that have been operational since 1990. The contract to replace the planes has been repeatedly delayed. And last year, Boeing provided an estimate and said that the new planes wouldn't be ready until after Trump leaves office in 2029, although a more recent estimate shows more like 2027.

now since the initial reports came out about this jet we've experienced a bit of whiplash abc news originally reported that the jet was meant to have been announced as a gift next week when trump visits qatar but a senior white house official then denied that claim yesterday you know similarly qatar called the reports of it gifting a plane to the u.s government inaccurate but then today press secretary caroline levitt confirmed the gift

When she was asked about the gift today, about the plane specifically, Levitt said, quote,

End quote. When asked whether the Qatari government is possibly doing this so they can get something from the president in return, Levitt said no, because the Qatari government knows that President Trump acts with the American people's interests in mind only.

When President Trump himself was asked about the plane this morning, he said he would be stupid to turn down the offer. He also said, quote, if we can get a 747 as a contribution to our Defense Department to use during a couple of years while they're building the other ones, I think that was a very nice gesture. End quote. So this implies that the president would serve not the president, the plane,

would serve as a temporary Air Force One plane. And then once the planes from Boeing are ready, the Qatari plane would be transferred to the Trump Presidential Library Foundation where it would remain. But keep in mind, no details have been finalized at this time.

Now, critics have raised questions about legality and ethics. For one, the Emoluments Clause of the Constitution says that no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall accept any present emolument, office, or title of any kind from any foreign entity without the consent of Congress. In other words, federal officeholders cannot receive gifts, payments, anything valuable from a foreign state or its rulers.

without approval from Congress. The whole point of the clause is to preserve the independence of the president or other officeholders from outside influence. Now, Trump is no stranger to emoluments challenges. He faced many lawsuits in his first term over alleged violations. However, in 2021, the Supreme Court brought those cases to an end, finding them moot because Trump was no longer president. Congress has also tried to step into this emoluments issue and pass laws that prohibit the

president specifically from accepting foreign gifts and money without congressional authorization. But both times, the bills failed to pass. And if you're thinking to yourself, wait, I thought you just said that the emoluments clause already requires congressional approval. Yes, but there was a fight in the courts over whether the president is considered a federal officeholder. So just to, you know, clear up any confusion, Congress tried to pass these laws, which

which would have said regardless of the terminology used in the emoluments clause of the Constitution, the president needs congressional approval before accepting gifts from foreign entities.

Obviously, in the past, we know all presidents have received foreign gifts. In fact, the very desk that the president sit at in the Oval Office was gifted by Queen Victoria in 1880. So here's the thing. Under law, foreign gifts that are valued at less than $480 can be retained by federal employees. They can keep them.

Anything over that amount is considered a gift to the people of the United States, and it must be logged and then disposed of by the White House Gift Unit. Most gifts, though, are transferred to the National Archives or to the president's future presidential library, which acts as an archive of the president's administration. That's allowed, too. If a president...

does take a gift. They can keep it for their own personal use so long as they pay fair market value for it. But to be clear, the criticism in this case is mostly because of the price of the plane and how expensive it is compared to most gifts that are given to presidents and have been given to presidents in the past.

But to wrap this up from a legal standpoint, it would seem as if the Qatari government can gift the plane to be used as Air Force One. However, once Trump leaves office, the plane would either have to sit at his presidential library, as he has suggested, or if he wanted to keep it, he'd have to pay fair market value for it once his time in the Oval Office is done. The White House, though, has said that the legal aspects of this are still being worked out.

All right, let's take our second and final break here. When we come back, we'll talk about the new drug pricing executive order, the birthright citizenship arguments that are upcoming on Thursday and more.

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Welcome back. This morning, President Trump signed an executive order aimed at bringing drug prices down. Again, this is something the president also tried to do in 2020. But let's talk about what this new order says and any effects that it may or may not have. Remember, an executive order is a directive for federal officials and federal agencies.

Executive orders lay out a purpose and a policy and then directives for federal officials and federal agents to carry, not agents, agencies, to carry out that purpose and or policy. In this particular order, the purpose is to end the

In other words, the United States has less than 5% of the world's population and yet funds three-fourths of the global pharmaceutical profits.

The president says the inflated prices in the U.S. fuel global innovation while foreign health systems get a free ride. The policy reads, quote, Americans should not be forced to subsidize low-cost prescription drugs and biologics in other developed countries and face overcharges for the same products in the United States. Americans must therefore have access to the most favored nation price for these products.

So in accordance with that rationale, the order sets forth multiple directives. First, the Secretary of Commerce and U.S. Trade Representative are to take all necessary and appropriate action to ensure that foreign countries are not engaging in acts or practices that may be unreasonable or discriminatory and may have the effect of forcing American patients to pay for a disproportionate amount of global pharmaceutical research and development. Second,

Second, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to the extent consistent with law, is to facilitate direct-to-consumer purchasing programs for pharmaceutical manufacturers that sell their products to American patients at the most favored nation price.

Now, there is a bit of a legality issue with that one, and we'll get there in a second. First, I want to talk about the third directive, which is that within 30 days of the order, the HHS secretary is to give pharmaceutical manufacturers the most favored nation price target.

The order says that if significant progress is not delivered, other actions will be taken. And the order lists what those other actions will be. I'm not going to go through all of them, but they include a rulemaking plan, certification to Congress, et cetera. Now, the legal issue I was talking about before is this. Federal law currently prohibits drug manufacturers from

from selling prescription drugs directly to consumers. Many laws do, actually, but I will give you one example. So the Prescription Drug Marketing Act says that prescription drugs must be distributed through authorized distributors of record, which are entities registered with the FDA and subject to specific oversight.

Because consumers are not authorized distributors or licensed entities under the law, the PDMA prohibits direct-to-consumer sales. To enable direct-to-consumer sales, the HHS secretary would need to either issue regulations or seek certain exemptions that would allow these direct-to-consumer purchases. But currently, under law, direct-to-consumer drug sales are prohibited, and executive orders cannot supersede federal law.

Notably, the order does not specify which drugs will be impacted, though some reports are saying it would be drugs covered by Medicare Part B. The pharmaceutical industry has criticized the order, saying it's a bad deal for American patients. The president of Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America said in part, quote, importing foreign prices will cut billions of dollars from Medicare with no guarantee that it helps patients or improves their access to medicines. It jeopardizes the hundreds of billions our member companies are

planning to invest in America, making us more reliant on China for innovative medicines, end quote. Importantly, when Trump attempted to do this in 2020, industry leaders put forth a similar argument that these methods would give foreign governments an upper hand in deciding how much people pay in the United States.

So we'll have to see what real world effects this order has and whether it even survives scrutiny, considering Trump's first attempt to do this was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2021. This attempt is a little different than the first attempt, though, so we will see.

Okay, so for this last story, I actually want to get ahead of things since I won't be around on Thursday to talk about it. This Thursday, the Supreme Court will hear arguments in the birthright citizenship case. Now, I want to go through, you know, the core birthright citizenship issue, but I want to highlight the fact that what is really at issue right now is the legality of nationwide injunctions, not the constitutional issue of birthright citizenship. In other words, the Supreme

Court probably won't decide the constitutionality of Trump's birthright citizenship plan following arguments on Thursday. So my purpose with this story is to set you up for when those arguments happen on Thursday. And, you know, we'll start to see these outlets releasing these headlines about which way the justices seem to be leaning. But that this way, now that you're caught up, you know, even though I won't be here with a new episode, you'll know exactly what's at issue here and what the arguments are on both sides of the debate.

So let's start with the core constitutional issue of this case, which is birthright citizenship. Birthright citizenship, as we know it today, means that so long as you are born on U.S. soil, you automatically become a U.S. citizen. The citizenship status of your parents is irrelevant. This is per the Supreme Court's interpretation of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. And what the 14th Amendment says is this.

Now, the Supreme Court back in 1897 said that this clause should be interpreted to mean that those born on U.S. soil are entitled to U.S. citizenship. President Trump signed an executive order in the beginning of his presidency that essentially said that

In order to be afforded birthright citizenship, one parent must either be a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States. The argument is that because the 14th Amendment says all people born in the United States are entitled to citizenship as long as they are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, if neither parent is a lawful resident or citizen and therefore not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, then

the child cannot automatically become a citizen. So Trump argues that those born here without at least one parent with U.S. citizenship or lawful permanent residency are not automatically entitled to birthright citizenship because they are not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

Now, the argument on the other side of that is that everyone in this country, regardless of citizenship status, is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States so long as they are on U.S. soil. It's why we can arrest non-citizens. It's why we can convict non-citizens of crimes, etc. But that is the debate at the core of this case.

However, since litigation started, the issue has evolved. So following the issuance of the executive order, three federal judges issued injunctions to stop the order from being implemented nationwide. Three federal judges blocked the order from being implemented anywhere in the United States. The administration requested these orders be lifted from three different appeals courts, but was denied each time.

So what the administration did is they took these injunctions to the Supreme Court, arguing that nationwide injunctions exceed the authority of the district courts. Keep in mind, district courts are the lowest level of federal courts. Now, I've talked about this before, but this is something that many presidents have taken issue with, including President Obama and Biden.

Presidents don't like these nationwide injunctions because they prohibit them from taking executive action. In their eyes, you know, it's one thing to ban executive actions as they pertain to the particular plaintiffs that filed the lawsuit, but that it's outside the scope of the judiciary's authority to ban executive actions nationwide.

Supporters of nationwide injunctions, however, argue that sometimes they're the only reasonable way to address government actions that are potentially unlawful. So in this particular case, the administration is asking the Supreme Court to lift the injunctions that have been placed upon it and instead limit the injunctions to the specific parties

plaintiffs that have filed suit against it. Either that or more broadly decide that district courts do not have the authority to issue these nationwide injunctions.

To be clear, the Supreme Court has not specified which questions it will answer, so we don't know for sure what it will do here. Once arguments are done later this week, the court's ruling could be as narrow as only deciding whether these three particular nationwide injunctions will be limited in scope or the Supreme Court could issue a broader ruling that actually decides whether federal courts even have this authority at all to issue these nationwide injunctions.

I do not see a world in which the Supreme Court is deciding the core constitutional issue of this case right now. However, once the Supreme Court releases its decision surrounding the issue of nationwide injunctions, the core constitutional issue of birthright citizenship will continue to play out in the appellate courts.

And then once an appeals court eventually rules on the constitutional question of birthright citizenship, that is when the losing party will then take this case to the Supreme Court and the justices can decide whether they want to take up the birthright citizenship issue. So to be very, very clear, the decision that we get from the Supreme Court in the next month or two following oral arguments on Thursday will pertain to the procedural issue of nationwide injunctions.

not the constitutional issue of birthright citizenship. Okay, now for some quick hitters. First, the U.S.-China trade deal. We don't know too much about the deal, and the deal has not been finalized yet, so I thought it would be better just to include this as a quick hitter rather than a full story. Yesterday, the United States and China announced a truce in their trade war following talks in Geneva over the weekend.

Per the terms of the tentative deal, tariffs will be reduced for a 90-day period. The United States will reportedly drop its tariffs on China from 145% to 30%, and China will cut its tariffs on the United States from 125% to 10%. Essentially, both countries will cut their tariffs by 115%.

Tariffs imposed on China before April 2nd, as well as some other restrictions that the United States has on China, will still be in effect. This includes additional tariffs on electric cars, steel, and aluminum. China has also committed to removing non-tariff countermeasures imposed against the United States since April 2nd. This includes countermeasures like...

adding rare earth minerals to its controlled export list, opening an anti-dumping probe into DuPont's China business, and blacklisting some U.S. defense and tech firms. According to both China and the United States, these trade war discussions will continue, with both sides recognizing the importance of finding a middle ground.

Next, 21-year-old Adan Alexander has reportedly been freed as the last remaining American Israeli citizen being held by Hamas. Alexander is said to be one of two dozen hostages believed to still be alive. And according to Israeli officials, the bodies of four other Americans are still in Gaza.

Opening statements in Sean Diddy Combs' trial started today after finalization of the jury. Combs is accused of being the ringleader of an alleged enterprise that abused, threatened, and coerced women into prolonged drug-fueled sexual orgies with male prostitutes, which he called freak-offs, and then threatening the women to stay silent. Combs says all sex was consensual and that he was simply part of the swinger lifestyle.

The DHS issued subpoenas to the government of California today seeking records related to alleged disbursements of federal funds to illegal immigrants. The subpoenas target the state's cash assistance program for immigrants, which provides monthly cash benefits to aged, blind, and disabled noncitizens who are ineligible for federal supplemental security income. The White House believes the program provides benefits to illegal immigrants who cannot access social security benefits.

And finally, let's finish with some critical thinking for today's critical thinking segment. Let's revisit the potential suspension of habeas corpus. Remember, this segment is not meant to be too difficult. It's not meant to stump you. It is just meant to challenge your opinions and get you thinking a little bit deeper about certain issues. So first and foremost, how do you feel about the potential suspension of habeas corpus? Are you against it or for it for purposes of immigration and why?

Second, would your position change if Congress approved the suspension? Why or why not?

If you support the suspension, are you comfortable letting the executive branch act without checks from Congress or the courts, especially when the Constitution doesn't clearly and expressly give it that power? And second, how would you ensure innocent people are not swept up into these mass deportations or detentions if we remove their right to challenge their confinement? Mistakes are made. That's not up for debate. So how would you rectify those situations?

Now, if you are against the suspension, ask yourself whether undocumented immigrants who knowingly enter the country illegally should have the same access to legal protections as citizens or legal residents. And then consider this. If millions of people are in the United States illegally and each one has to get a court hearing before being deported illegally,

Does that essentially make it impossible to enforce immigration laws and ultimately end up letting people stay simply because the system is too overwhelmed? And this goes for supporters and opponents. I want you to answer why whenever you answer one of those questions. Why do you feel that way? Why are you answering the way that you're answering?

That is what I have for you today. I hope you enjoyed today's episode since it's going to be a minute until I'm back again with another news update. So just as a reminder, the next three episodes will consist of a three-part series which will teach you everything you need to know about the United States government and how it functions. I highly, highly, highly recommend tuning into all of those episodes. You will be so much more informed once you do. Since I'll only be releasing pre-recorded episodes for the next week and a half, have a great next couple of weeks.

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