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在一家跨国公司被指控导致全球数百万婴儿死亡后，国际抵制运动随之而来。序幕：婴儿奶粉被工业化学物质污染，导致中国超过30万人生病，6人死亡。–––-–----------------------------------------PATREON: Patreon.com/SwindledDONATE: SwindledPodcast.com/SupportCONSUME: SwindledPodcast.com/Shop–––-–----------------------------------------FOLLOW: SwindledPodcast.com Instagram.com/SwindledPodcast Twitter.com/SwindledPodcast Facebook.com/SwindledPodcast 感谢您的收听。:-) 了解更多关于您的广告选择。访问 podcastchoices.com/adchoices</context> <raw_text>0 Introducing Bluehost Cloud, ultra-fast WordPress hosting with 100% uptime. Want a website with unmatched power, speed, and control? Of course you do. And now you can have all three with Bluehost Cloud,
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Doctors in China were perplexed as to why there was a sudden increase of sick infants during the winter months of late 2006, early 2007.
Emergency rooms across the country were filled with worried mothers and fathers and their young children who were howling in pain. All of the children had similar kidney related ailments. Their stomachs were extremely bloated and many of them had developed kidney stones and were urinating blood that was thick and granulated like sand and water. And not only were their conditions painful, they were potentially fatal. From discussions with the parents, doctors learned that all of the sick children had one thing in common.
All of the children had been formula fed from an early age. Hospital personnel obtained samples of the baby formulas from the parents and immediately alerted Sanlu, one of China's largest and most trusted dairy companies, about the situation. But Sanlu did not investigate the matter until May 2008, six months after the initial complaints. Tests revealed that the baby milk being consumed by infants all over China had been contaminated with an industrial chemical called melamine.
Melamine is typically used to manufacture plastics and fertilizer. It has no approved use as an ingredient in any food meant for consumption by humans or animals. Needless to say, melamine should not be an ingredient in a baby's milk. But when it is, melamine can disguise milk that has been diluted. Melamine's high concentration of nitrogen makes the protein levels of milk look normal in quality tests, when in reality the milk has been completely watered down.
and milk is watered down when dairy farmers are trying to stretch their inventories and fatten their profit margins. In small amounts, melamine is actually not harmful to humans. However, Sanlu found that its milk contained more than 4,000 times the tolerable daily intake of the chemical. The company began quietly recalling most of its products, and they notified the Chinese government about its findings, and again, nothing happened. No national emergency. No public announcement. Nothing.
The Chinese government did not want to make a fuss over a bunch of sick and dying babies because at the time officials were very concerned about the country's image on the world stage. In less than a month, Beijing would be hosting the Summer Olympics. So the Chinese government did what the Chinese government does best. They concealed the problem and controlled the media until September 2008.
That's when a New Zealand company by the name of Fonterra, who had partnered with Sanlu in 2005 to break into the Chinese market, became aware of the situation and contacted the Chinese government, who pretended like it was their first time hearing about it. But now that the secret was out, Chinese officials had to take action. A massive baby formula recall is rocking China this morning. Contaminated milk powder has claimed at least one baby's life. The cause is familiar to U.S. consumers.
The cause was familiar to US consumers because less than a year earlier, this had happened. More than 300 dogs and cats died in the US and Canada after eating contaminated pet food. Companies recalled thousands of kinds of pet food and treats that had been imported from China. Melamine-tainted wheat gluten and rice protein used in the manufacturing of pet foods had made its way to the states and into the homes of loving pet owners.
Over 60 million containers of 180 different brands of pet food and treats were removed from the shelves in what became the largest pet food recall in US history. In fact, the only reason China began testing its food products for melamine was because of the pet food recall. Although the Americans had been mostly spared from this latest Chinese milk scare, the rest of the world were taking precautions. Dairy products from 22 Chinese companies were recalled since many of them shared the same supplier.
and instead of disposing of those recalled products properly. In China, some of the dairy products recalled for melamine testing are not being destroyed. A portion of them are being sold to university students. That's right. Students were voluntarily buying the tainted dairy products at half price, just to save a few bucks.
The Chinese milk scandal now goes beyond China and it goes beyond milk. In Taiwan, soup and canned coffee are coming off the shelves. In Japan, five cake products have been dumped. In Singapore, it's candies that tested positive for melamine from the Chinese milk used as an ingredient. The Swiss giant Nestle says it is confident in its milk products, despite Hong Kong authorities reporting that one of its products tested positive for a small amount of melamine.
In total, six children died from being exposed to the tainted milk. Another 300,000 children, 80% of whom were younger than two years old, had been affected. Many of them were treated at home and recovered fully in the following years. But at least 13,000 children had been admitted to the hospital, many of whom would never be able to live normal lives. Children like Ren Chen, who was now 13 years old. Chen had consumed the milk when he was a baby, and at three years old his kidneys had become riddled with kidney stones.
He underwent multiple operations to alleviate the situation and has required two additional operations since then. Even now, Ren Chen requires dialysis three times a week. He's in so much constant pain that on multiple occasions, he has reportedly asked his mother, "Why did you bring me into the world, just to suffer?" The melamine contamination was eventually traced back to two men.
One man, a salesman, had produced, distributed, and sold over 600 tons of melamine-laced protein powder to dairy farmers. And a second man, one of those dairy farmers, used the powder to dilute and sell more than 900 tons of milk to larger dairy companies like Sanlu, whose quality testers accepted bribes to look the other way.
The two men claimed that the rising cost of feed, fuel, and labor, along with demanding production schedules, had forced them to maximize their profit until safety became secondary. An unfortunate side effect of China's new and improved capitalistic economic machine. A machine that had no intention of slowing down.
It's an enormous blight on China's record as a quality manufacturer of food and a quality manufacturer in general. The government needs to take it very, very seriously. The Chinese government had every intention of taking it seriously.
they needed to send a message to its own people and to the rest of the world that incidents of this nature would not be tolerated. China has executed these two men for their roles in a tainted milk scandal that killed at least six children and sickened more than 300,000 others. In November 2009, the two men responsible for the milk scandal were executed less than a year after their convictions.
Even after one of the men fell to his knees in court and begged for forgiveness, the chairwoman of Sanlu was sentenced to life in prison for failing to stop the production and sale of the milk. Three other managers at Sanlu, one of whom was bound to a wheelchair after a failed suicide attempt, were sentenced to 5 to 15 years in prison. Sanlu the company itself was fined the equivalent of 7 million US dollars and was declared bankrupt and shut down.
The Chinese government further demonstrated its seriousness by passing the Food Safety Law, which prohibits unauthorized food additives, and it forced the 22 companies that were part of the dairy recall to create a fund to compensate the victims' families, although that fund only contained about $97 million, which, when split between hundreds of thousands of families, is not nearly enough to cover a lifetime of care.
And on top of that, victims are only entitled to that pittance if they are recognized as victims. Many families have reported being denied compensation because they cannot provide medical records that specifically list melamine as the cause of illness. Parents and activists that have protested this injustice have been arrested and detained. They have been followed and monitored by government security agencies. Their internet forum and blog posts have been censored.
they have been silenced essentially by a government that has taken every measure not to upset consumer confidence in fact it was revealed that in 2006 almost two years before the milk recall the chinese government ignored a report by an operator of a dairy company who claimed that dairy farms were introducing dangerous chemicals into their milk products presumably the government had failed to act on that tip for the same reasons it had ignored all of the other warnings
Massive health emergencies aren't good for business, and neither are whistleblowers. The man who first alerted authorities to what would become the melamine-tainted milk scandal has been murdered. Jiang Weisuo, 44, was attacked by unidentified men in Xi'an City two weeks ago. On Friday, he passed away from his wound. Three years after the scandal, before it became public knowledge that someone had alerted the government about the situation years before it happened,
Before everyone realized the entire situation could have been avoided if the government had just acted timely and appropriately. And before that whistleblower could say another word, that whistleblower was stabbed to death in his home in front of multiple witnesses, including his wife. No arrests have ever been made. And despite the new regulations and the harsh sentences and the bloody murders, China continues to struggle with quality control.
Toy giant Mattel is recalling about 9 million Chinese made toys. Some have small magnets that children can swallow. Others have lead paint, a health risk. 26 tons of melamine tainted milk was seized in Chongqing just last week. And last month, 16 Chinese government officials were charged with breach of duty in a case involving China's biggest producer of pork products. Pigs were reported of being given an illegal supplement
designed to make the meat leaner. Its effects on humans include dizziness, nausea, and heart palpitations. In this week's second toxic food report following pesticide-coated apples from the orchards of Yantai City, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company found unusually high levels of mercury in its baby formula. And that's not even half of it. Since the baby milk scandal of 2008, Chinese consumers are still wary of Chinese farmed milk.
instead opting for Australian and European imports. Some Chinese parents even fly overseas to buy out entire store inventories of baby milk products, an admirable and mild inconvenience for a healthy baby. But still, how much safer is it, really? French dairy group Lactalis, which is at the center of a baby milk scandal, says some of its products may have been tainted for over more than a decade. We are all doomed.
But the real question is why are so many children with healthy mothers capable of breastfeeding being bottle fed in the first place? The answer to that question is marketing. One company's marketing in particular, Nestle, the largest food and beverage company in the world. A company that critics and environmentalists have labeled the most evil company in the world. And this story is just one of the reasons why.
An international boycott ensues after a multinational corporation is accused of contributing to the deaths of millions of infants around the world on this episode of Swindled.
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A dream come true after all the months of waiting. Your baby, all yours. So tiny, so helpless, so dependent on you. To feel happy and secure, your baby needs you and the love you give him. To be healthy, he needs the right kind of milk. 50 million babies have thrived happily on this form of milk. Doctors know it is safe, easy for babies to digest.
In 1867, a Swiss chemist named Henri Nestle created a nutritious food alternative for infants that could be used in cases where the mother was unable to breastfeed. Nestle combined cow's milk, wheat flour, and sugar into an easily consumable formula and offered it to the world in hopes of decreasing the infant mortality rate.
Modern versions of Nestle's formula still include the cow's milk, but it's purified and the fat is removed and replaced with fat from vegetable oils, which is more easily digestible. Vitamins and minerals and lactose are added, as are other ingredients depending on the manufacturer, and the concoction is solidified into a powdered form. When purchased, the parent or caretaker could just add water to the mix, shake, and then feed it to a hungry infant.
By 1873, more than half a million boxes of Nestle's infant formula were being sold around the world every year. It was the first commercially available product of its kind. But it did not take long for other companies to recognize the burgeoning market and introduce competition. But Nestle has always held onto the largest share of the market. And as that market continued to expand over the next 150 years, so too did the Nestle Company.
Today, with more than 400 factories worldwide and 2,000 brands under its umbrella, Nestle is considered the largest food company in the world. In the post-war baby boom of the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, as more women in the Western world were allowed to leave their houses to explore higher aspirations in life rather than just existing as Mrs. John Smith, formula feeding became a popular supplement for the busy woman, which was great because women in the West could afford to buy it.
and while breast milk is unanimously considered to be the superior diet for babies under certain conditions the formula was a perfectly acceptable alternative unfortunately there are many places in the world where those certain conditions just don't exist but that did not stop nestle and other baby milk companies from aggressively promoting their products in those places and it wasn't until the 1970s that the disastrous effects of that aggressive promotion would be revealed
In 1974, a British non-governmental organization called the War on Want published a damning report titled "The Baby Killer". The report singled out Nestle's marketing tactics of infant formula in developing nations like Asia, Africa, and Latin America as a major contributing factor in the widespread malnutrition, illness, and death of infants in poverty-stricken communities. Although the report contends that Nestle was not the only company using these tactics, they were the largest and most egregious offender.
Nestle's advertisements for baby milk in places like Nigeria and Jamaica and other impoverished nations insinuated that formula-fed babies would grow up to be healthier, happier, and stronger than their breast-fed counterparts. A blatant falsehood. And unlike breast milk, the milk formula was not free. In fact, it was quite expensive, and still is, especially for a family living on seven US dollars a week, which is what the average Jamaican family earned at the time.
Some families were reportedly spending half of their entire incomes on feeding their newborns. So many of those families found a way to save a little money by making the formula stretch a little further by diluting it with water. Just like the more thrifty among us sometimes do with hand soap or laundry detergent.
In an article published by the New York Times, one Jamaican mother claimed that not only was she feeding two babies with the contents of one canister of formula, she was watering it down so much that it could provide three times as many servings than recommended. And according to War on Want, this was a common and widespread practice in the third world. When promoting the product, Nestle did not consider these families' long-term ability to afford the formula.
Its only focus was sucking every dime out of these communities, leaving it high and dry, like it was a finite reservoir of water that could be bottled and sold. We'll get to that later. Children who were fed the diluted formula were not receiving nearly enough nutrients, which was leading to severe malnutrition. Dr. Alan Jackson, who operated a clinic in Kingston, Jamaica, recalled one mother who brought her two youngest children in to see him.
The woman's 18-month-old daughter weighed only 8 pounds, less than half of what an average girl at that age should typically weigh. The woman's 4-month-old son only weighed 5 pounds, two less than he weighed at birth, and he had a big, bloated belly. Both of them had been fed the diluted formula since the day they were born. The woman's 10 older children had been breastfed, and they grew up healthy and happy.
Compounding the problem was the water used to dilute the formula. Many of those poor families did not have access to clean water. Instead, they would tap into the communal, often unsanitary sources of water that sometimes doubled as the communal toilet to mix it with the baby's food, with limited fuel to boil the water. No other tools for sterilization and no refrigeration in a tropical climate. The trifecta was complete and the gates of bacterial hell would open.
in addition all of the immunological protections inherent to breast milk are non-existent in formulas essential antibodies that have been developed over millions of years of evolution that are passed from mother to child through breastfeeding can help stave off a bacterial onslaught without those antibodies children become much more susceptible to illness and disease diarrhea dehydration and malnutrition is a deadly combination
One doctor described caring for children whose bodies had "wasted away until all that is left is a big head on top of the shriveled body of an old man." And it wasn't just one child that died like this. It wasn't just 50, or 100, or even 1,000. According to the War on Wants report, an estimated 1 million children were dying from conditions related to formula feeding every year, and had been for decades. Their graves were often marked with empty cans of milk formula and discarded baby bottles.
In its report, War on Want accused Nestle of undermining a bodily function to create consumers for a need that did not exist. The company's promotional materials often labeled breastfeeding as complicated and prone to failure. In Africa, Nestle actually advertised its infant formula with the tagline "When Breast Milk Fails." Nestle played into the fears of these poor, insecure mothers because it knew that fear and anxiety could actually stop lactation.
Nestle's marketing made these women so concerned about producing enough milk naturally that they would dry up as a result and not be able to produce enough milk naturally, thus creating a need for its product. And again, Nestle wasn't alone. Another formula product from a different company was advertised in the Congo with the help of a radio jingle. The lyrics were, quote, The child is going to die because the mother's breast has given out.
"Mama, oh mama," the child cries, "if you want your child to get well, give it Clem milk." Very catchy. Nestle also played on the hopes and dreams of the Third World mothers. War on Want accused the company of performing a quote "confidence trick" on the poor by convincing women that not only would their babies be inferior without the formula, so would the mothers themselves. Formula feeding had become symbolic for upward mobility.
A representation of Western, urbanized society. A life that many women in impoverished nations were longing for. Milk companies campaigned on the idea that breastfeeding was beneath a sophisticated woman. That it would make your breasts sag and make you ugly. That it was something that only peasants relied on. That it was not something a white woman would ever do, as evidenced by the white baby on the package. As one World Health Organization nutrition specialist put it, quote,
The massive propaganda of the milk companies is particularly effective in poor sectors of the population. The milk companies are creating a magic belief in the white man's milk powder. And once the formula feeding started, it was difficult to stop. By the time the first can was empty, the mother's body had usually taken a hint and stopped producing milk. And it was almost impossible to start again because the mothers themselves were also malnourished.
And the only reason the formula feeding started in the first place is because every mother was given a free sample pack containing formula and a bottle to take home when they were discharged from the hospital. This was one of the most important marketing tactics employed by Nestle, because they knew that 93% of the babies who left the hospital with their product would remain brand loyal. Well, until they died, with malnutrition of course, and free samples weren't the only thing Nestle was providing.
One of our investigators just wrote me from the Dominican Republic a few weeks ago, about a month ago actually, where she was investigating the problem. And right across the hall from the rehydration ward, which is where they bring back the sick babies, there was a classroom. And outside the classroom was a
a little bronze plaque, and it said, Classroom Donated by Nestle. And inside, there were lots of posters, there was formula displayed, etc. Nestle and almost all of its competitors spent untold millions of dollars on office space and furnishings, plane tickets, hotel rooms, conferences, and more for doctors and other medical professionals.
Many of the baby milk companies even offered free architectural services to hospitals for the design and renovation of their maternity facilities. Most of the facilities designed by milk companies contained layouts that physically separated mothers from their newborns, and instead of transporting the baby back and forth over long distances to the mother for feeding, nurses would conveniently administer the formula that had been so lovingly and unselfishly donated by the milk companies.
As for the babies and mothers who weren't hooked on the formula before they left the hospital, Nestle and others employed thousands of sales girls dressed in nurses' outfits to visit the new mothers at their homes to deliver samples and free bottles. They would knock on every door that had a cloth diaper hanging on the clothesline.
After War on Wants Baby Killer report was published in the UK in 1974, the Berne Third World Action Group translated the report for publication in Switzerland and retitled it to simply, Nestle Kills Babies. Nestle had denied that their marketing had influenced the misuse of its products. The company pointed out that the instructions on how to use the product were printed on the container, completely disregarding the fact that over half of the mothers in the Third World were illiterate.
After the publication of the translated report, Nestle refused to meet face-to-face with its critics and sued the publishers for libel. And even though the judge would side with Nestle over the publication's title, it was actually a moral victory for the activists. The judge slapped Byrne Third World Action Group with a minimum fine of $400 and strongly encouraged Nestle to quote, "...modify its publicity methods fundamentally."
Even worse for Nestle, the two-year libel case and all of the bad publicity that came with it only attracted more attention to the company's behavior. And right when the trial ended in 1977, social rights groups and religious organizations banded together to boycott all Nestle products. The boycott, which launched in Minneapolis, Minnesota by the Infant Formula Action Coalition, soon spread to Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. France, Finland, and Norway would soon follow.
The boycotters were demanding that Nestle cease all promotion of infant formulas in developing nations, including the use of the saleswomen disguised as nurses. They demanded that Nestle cease the distribution of free samples and supplies. And finally, they demanded that Nestle end its promotion to health professionals and institutions. Support for Swindled comes from Simply Safe.
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在一家跨国公司被指控导致全球数百万婴儿死亡后，国际抵制运动随之而来。前奏：婴儿奶粉被工业化学物质污染，导致中国超过30万人生病和6人死亡。–––-–----------------------------------------PATREON: Patreon.com/SwindledDONATE: SwindledPodcast.com/SupportCONSUME: SwindledPodcast.com/Shop–––-–----------------------------------------FOLLOW: SwindledPodcast.com Instagram.com/SwindledPodcast Twitter.com/SwindledPodcast Facebook.com/SwindledPodcast 感谢您的收听。:-) 了解更多关于您的广告选择。访问 podcastchoices.com/adchoices</context> <raw_text>0 作为SimpliSafe的用户，SimpliSafe连续五年被《美国新闻与世界报道》评为最佳家庭安全系统，并被《新闻周刊》评为家庭安全最佳客户服务，这一点并不令人惊讶。
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一年后，抵制运动成功推动美国参议院举行听证会，调查雀巢的不当营销行为。听证会于1978年5月23日举行，由参议员泰德·肯尼迪主持。“他们将关注他们问题的一个小方面。我们将关注一种旨在滋养生命、使婴儿茁壮成长的产品，看看它如何可能产生意想不到的后果，导致营养不良和传播疾病。
将关注广告、营销和推广以及在发展中国家使用婴儿配方奶粉。一个需要干净水源、良好卫生条件、足够家庭收入和文盲父母遵循印刷说明的产品，能否在水源被污染、污水流入街道、贫困严重和文盲率高的地区安全使用？
来自秘鲁、菲律宾、牙买加和其他发展中国家的健康专业人士和代表们就配方奶粉营销对他们社区造成的灾难性影响作证。像驻委内瑞拉的丹尼尔·德里斯科尔牧师，他描述了配方奶粉包装上的书面说明几乎无法防止产品的误用。然而，如果你看看在加拉加斯使用的罐子...
这里我有S-26配方奶粉罐，你会看到说明文字非常小。我们的人民根本不会看这种小字，因为50%是文盲，另外20%是功能性文盲。这些都是政府统计数据。而这罐S-26上说的只是你应该将这种溶液与预先煮沸的水混合。
五个音节的单词和“ervida”他们会理解。但在那种非常小的语言中，我怀疑他们甚至会读到它。再一次，你这里有一个快乐小男孩的图片。在一个70%是混血的文化中，他真的很白。
但听证会的高潮发生在参议员泰德·肯尼迪质问雀巢发言人奥斯瓦尔德·巴勒林，关于配方奶粉是否应该在文盲率低和清洁水源有限的地方使用。雀巢代表确认不应该在这些地方使用，但最终文盲率和清洁水源并不是公司的问题或关心。听听这个。
你是否同意你的产品不应该在水源不纯的地方使用？是或不是？我们提供所有说明。直接回答。你的立场是什么？当然不，但我们无法应对。你认为你的产品应该在文盲率高的地区使用吗？人们不能阅读？是的。
这很难控制，参议员，因为你去一个地区，他们并不是全都是文盲。有些人是。你怎么能控制产品是给一个人而不是另一个人？好吧，正如我理解你所说的，在水源不纯的地方，不应该使用。是的。人们如此贫穷，以至于他们实际上无法继续购买，这意味着他们会稀释到一个危险的程度，这不应该使用。是的。是的。
我相信... - 好吧，我最后的问题是，你认为你在发展中国家使用你产品的情况有什么企业责任？你觉得你有任何责任吗？我们无法承担那个责任，先生。我可以提到... 你不能承担那个责任？不。我怎么能对水系统负责？我不是在谈论。我是在谈论你在那些地区使用你产品的情况。
你觉得公司是否有责任知道你的产品在那些地区是偶尔使用还是广泛使用？或者你觉得你的公司根本没有任何责任？在你的允许下，先生。即使在圣保罗州，我们今天有1000万人，水系统的大部分都不好。我无能为力。
雀巢继续否认责任。该公司拒绝考虑他们的行为如何导致婴儿营养不良的日益严重的流行病，并且没有意图制定策略以阻止产品进入不应使用它的人手中。雀巢的问题部分在于其管理完全去中心化。
该公司依赖其经理和分销产品的地方遵循当地文化，但这并没有发生，雀巢总部几乎没有做任何事情来确保这一点。在听证会上，来自联合公理教会的帕特里夏·杨说得最好。
我坚信，如果你能通过小型飞机和丛林小径将产品送到偏远村庄，你也可以通过控制商业道德来到达那里。此外，雀巢通过指责类似公司的做法来为其营销行为辩护。雀巢表示，他们只是遵循社会规范。
他们之所以以这种方式推广产品，是因为竞争对手也在这样做，这样的借口真是糟糕。如果竞争对手先跳下桥，雀巢会跳下去吗？如果竞争对手每年导致一百万婴儿死亡，雀巢会以同样的方式推广其婴儿配方奶粉吗？显然会，我的意思是你得让那些股东满意。参议院听证会只进一步确认了需要一个国际规范来规范婴儿配方奶粉的营销。
因此，在1979年10月，世界卫生组织在日内瓦召开会议，制定这样的规范，并邀请各国政府、卫生组织、配方公司和社会权利团体的代表参与。WHA 3422号决议，即国际母乳替代品营销规范，规定婴儿食品公司不得在医院、商店或向公众推广产品。
公司不得向母亲提供免费样品或向卫生工作者赠送免费礼物。允许提供信息和教育材料，只要它包含科学和事实信息，并包括关于母乳喂养优越性的语言。在1981年，第34届世界卫生大会上，所有成员国投票通过了该规范。除了一个成员国。
在罗纳德·里根政府下，美国拒绝采纳该规范，声称这违反了言论自由。显然，企业有第一修正案的权利向你宣传，尽管有压倒性的证据表明其有害影响。这一立场促使美国两名高级卫生官员因愤怒辞职。
同年，里根提名的人权助理国务卿欧内斯特·勒费弗被迫撤回提名，因为披露他的智库从雀巢那里获得了超过47,000美元的资金。尽管118个国家已采纳该规范，但除非纳入这些国家的国家法律，否则该规范不具法律约束力。截至今天，它在全球超过60个国家成为国家法律。
1977年的雀巢抵制运动是有史以来最大规模的国际运动，旨在揭露和扭转剥削性的企业行为，并且它成功了。雀巢同意遵守该规范，抵制运动被暂停，但善意并没有持续太久。
这是安娜丽莎·莱恩，国际婴儿食品行动网络的创始人。当该规范被超过一百个政府采纳时，我们认为他们会完成这项工作，会在国家层面采取行动。
但事实并非如此。很少有人采取行动，非政府组织不得不继续探查和监测行业的动向，公司的行为。到1988年，当发现雀巢和其他配方公司继续向发展中国家的卫生设施提供免费样品和供应时，抵制运动重新启动。
抵制运动至今仍在继续，因为1984年全球谴责的做法依然显而易见。“这是配方奶粉公司以前面临的指控。” “六家公司每年在营销上花费近70亿美元，故意削弱母乳喂养。”
但本周《卫报》和国际慈善机构“拯救儿童”的联合调查显示，行业中的主要参与者实际上在菲律宾违反法律，向医生和助产士提供免费旅行，向医院发放看似医疗建议的小册子。
2018年，慈善机构“拯救儿童”发布的一份报告指控配方公司“系统性违反奶粉规范”。报告称，配方公司每出生一个婴儿在营销上花费36英镑，其中一个主要目标是东亚。
“拯救儿童”发现，在菲律宾，雀巢和其他公司仍然向医生和其他卫生工作者提供免费旅行、餐饮、电影票，甚至赌博筹码，以换取产品忠诚和推荐。公司仍在电视上播放广告，声称临床证明配方喂养的婴儿智商更高。
每位母亲都希望自己的孩子得到最好的，因此你几乎不能责怪她们花费报告中提到的75%的收入在一种据称会在长远中使家庭受益并可能使他们摆脱贫困的配方奶粉上。所有这些营销技巧明显违反菲律宾法律，随着针对性社交媒体广告和付费妈妈博主的出现，监管配方行业的营销变得比以往任何时候都更加困难，而配方行业的营销效果却比以往任何时候都更有效。
在菲律宾，只有34%的母亲在孩子生命的前六个月内完全母乳喂养。在墨西哥，50%的母亲报告称曾被医生推荐使用配方奶粉。在智利，75%的受访医院工作人员表示，他们曾受到配方公司代表的拜访。
在孟加拉国，几乎所有婴儿都以配方奶喂养，占所有住院人数的70%，这个数字在40年前几乎为零。自1977年抵制运动以来，像雀巢这样的公司在接下来的几年中利用规范中的漏洞，或完全无视它，以试图占据更大份额的婴儿配方市场，预计到2025年将达到450亿美元。
然而，他们声称严格遵循国际规范。这是前雀巢首席执行官布拉德·阿尔福德在2009年描述公司遵守情况的。
雀巢还声称自己是“母乳是最好的”运动的最大支持者之一。
然而，根据“拯救儿童”的说法，雀巢并没有真正把钱花在刀刃上。2007年，雀巢每花一美元用于推广母乳喂养，就花费10美元用于推广其婴儿奶粉。根据“拯救儿童”的说法，如果雀巢想做正确的事并有效推广母乳喂养，它可以利用其销售代表和顾问的网络以及高效的分销渠道来推动这一事业。别指望。
此外，近年来，雀巢还有一些其他公关噩梦需要担心。全球最大的食品公司雀巢因在干旱的加利福尼亚州瓶装水而陷入麻烦。现在又在密歇根州，今晚的争论再次围绕水展开。该州刚刚批准了一项新许可证，几乎将一家全球食品巨头每年允许瓶装和销售的水量翻倍。与此同时，一些居民表示他们的水位...
正在以前所未有的速度下降。他们已经去南美洲，在玻利维亚等地进行瓶装水业务，他们在墨西哥也在这样做，他们向北走，在加拿大安大略省也在这样做。他们在全球范围内进行这一活动，通常是在可以轻易操控政府、贿赂他们、私有化水源的地方，然后在许多情况下将水卖回给同样的村民或当地人。研究人员发现，大多数瓶装水中含有大量称为微塑料的颗粒，雀巢的“纯生活”瓶装水每升含有惊人的10,000个微塑料颗粒。称之为加拿大糖果工厂的崩溃，三家主要巧克力制造商因价格操纵被指控。他们被指控在这个数十亿美元的行业中共谋。
现在面临刑事指控。本周，美国联邦上诉法院恢复了一项诉讼，指控雀巢在科特迪瓦使用童工收获可可供应。为期一年的调查发现，来自缅甸和柬埔寨的移民被出售并欺骗到泰国的海鲜行业工作，处于债务奴役和恶劣的条件下。
雀巢面临越来越大的压力，面临两起与涉嫌使用奴隶劳动的来源相关的美国诉讼。天哪。掠夺水源、价格操纵、童工和奴隶劳动。看来我有很多工作要做。在此之前，请记住，抵制仍在继续。国际雀巢无周将在每年十月的最后一周举行。加入我们吧，好吗？
雀巢仍然是母乳替代品的最大制造商，根本没有遵循世界卫生大会的国际建议，每次不遵循这些最低建议时，都在危及婴儿的生命。
《Swindled》由我，一个关心的公民撰写、研究、制作和主持，音乐由伊桑·赫尔弗里奇提供。有关节目的更多信息，请访问swindledpodcast.com，并在Twitter、Facebook和Instagram上关注我们，用户名为swindledpodcast。
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