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Chicago When It Sizzles

2022/7/1
logo of podcast Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

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Tim Harford: 本集节目回顾了1995年袭击芝加哥的致命热浪事件,重点关注了极端高温天气与社会隔离之间的关联。通过对事件的描述和社会学家Eric Klinenberg研究成果的解读,揭示了社会隔离和缺乏社区支持是如何加剧热浪造成的死亡人数的。节目还探讨了城市基础设施建设和社会基础设施建设的重要性,以及在应对气候变化时,如何将两者结合起来,以减少极端天气事件造成的损失。 Eric Klinenberg: Klinenberg的研究表明,在1995年芝加哥热浪事件中,社会隔离和缺乏社区支持是导致部分社区死亡率远高于其他社区的关键因素。他通过对比两个相邻社区——南劳恩代尔和北劳恩代尔——的差异,说明了充满活力、社区凝聚力强的社区能够更好地保护弱势群体,减少极端天气事件造成的损失。 Richard Daley: 时任芝加哥市长Richard Daley在热浪期间试图淡化事件的严重性,并试图将责任归咎于受害者,认为他们没有照顾好自己,没有接受帮助。这反映了政府在应对危机时的不足和对社会问题的忽视。 Edmund Donoghue: 作为芝加哥地区首席验尸官,Edmund Donoghue在热浪期间发现了大量死亡案例,并向政府发出了警告,但他的警告并没有得到足够的重视。这反映了政府在应对危机时的反应迟缓和信息沟通的不足。 Pauline Jankovic, Bob Greblo, Frank Crook: Pauline Jankovic, Bob Greblo和Frank Crook的经历分别代表了在热浪期间社会隔离和社区支持的不同情况。Pauline Jankovic因社会隔离和行动不便而险些丧命,Bob Greblo因害怕外出而错过了寻求帮助的机会,而Frank Crook则因为社区支持而安然无恙。他们的故事生动地展现了社会隔离和社区支持对个人生存的影响。 Jane Jacobs: Jane Jacobs的观点强调了社会隔离并非偶然,而是长期社会因素累积的结果。这提醒我们,要解决社会隔离问题,需要从根本上改变社会结构和社区环境。

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The 1995 Chicago heatwave was a deadly disaster due to extreme heat and humidity, causing infrastructure failures and overwhelming emergency services.

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July 1995: A deadly heatwave gripped Chicago - bridges buckled; the power grids failed; and the morgue ran out of space - but some neighbourhoods saw more deaths than others.

Sociologist Eric Klinenberg wanted to know why. So he headed to the hardest hit districts and found that social isolation and loneliness played an unsettling role in their heavy deaths tolls.   

Does the Chicago heatwave teach us that in dealing with climate change we need to consider not just physical infrastructure, but social infrastructure too?  

Eric Klinenberg's classic text on the topic is called Heat *Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. *For a full list of other sources go to timharford.com)

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