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The Art Forger, the Nazi, and "The Pope"

2021/3/12

Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

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汉

汉斯·范·梅格伦

蒂

蒂姆·哈福德

阿

阿伯拉罕·布雷迪厄斯

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阿伯拉罕·布雷迪厄斯：作为世界领先的荷兰画家专家，尤其精通约翰内斯·维米尔，布雷迪厄斯因其权威性而被称为“教皇”。他坚信《客西马尼的基督》是维米尔最伟大的作品，这幅画让他难以控制自己的情绪。他认为这幅画是维米尔失落的作品，是维米尔早期作品与后期作品之间的缺失环节，并且是向卡拉瓦乔的致敬。蒂姆·哈福德：讲述了汉斯·范·梅格伦如何通过伪造维米尔的作品来欺骗专家和纳粹，以及人们容易被自身愿望所蒙蔽的弱点。他分析了阿伯拉罕·布雷迪厄斯被骗的原因，指出他的专业知识被情感所淹没，愿望性思维让他忽视了画作的瑕疵。他还介绍了梅拉斯的实验，说明人们的预测会受到自身愿望的影响，这体现了“愿望性思维”和“动机性推理”的现象。此外，他还指出，即使是专家，也容易陷入愿望性思维的陷阱，他们会找到更多理由来相信自己希望相信的事情。汉斯·范·梅格伦：他承认自己伪造了维米尔的作品，包括《客西马尼的基督》，并声称自己这样做是为了证明自己的艺术价值，以及揭露艺术专家的愚蠢。他利用了人们对维米尔作品的渴望以及对新发现作品的轻易接受，成功地将伪造作品卖给了博物馆和收藏家。戈林：作为希特勒的得力助手，戈林收藏了范·梅格伦伪造的维米尔作品，这体现了纳粹对艺术品的贪婪和对权威的盲目信任。杰拉德·博恩：作为范·梅格伦的无意帮凶，博恩将伪造的画作带给了布雷迪厄斯，并编造了一个关于反法西斯家庭的故事，以掩盖其真实目的。

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Abraham Bradyus, the world's leading scholar of Dutch painters, was fooled by a not very convincing forgery of a Vermeer masterpiece, 'Christ at Emmaus', due to his emotional attachment and wishful thinking.

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"The Pope" was a revered Dutch art expert - and yet he fell for a not very convincing forgery of a "lost" Vermeer masterpiece. The forger had duped other art connoisseurs too - including the high ranking Nazi Hermann Göring. But perhaps Han van Meegeren's biggest con was to convince the Dutch public that he was a cheeky resistance hero.

We assume knowledge and intelligence can protect us from being duped - but often they are not enough to save us from the fraudster's greatest ally - our own wishful thinking.

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The Art Forger, the Nazi, and "The Pope" 35:16 Share

Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

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The Art Forger, the Nazi, and "The Pope"