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cover of episode Episode #022 ... Blast off to the Renaissance!

Episode #022 ... Blast off to the Renaissance!

2014/5/13
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Philosophize This!

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主持人:本期节目探讨了文艺复兴的起源,指出文艺复兴并非凭空出现,而是建立在“死亡”的基础上,这场“死亡”并非指单纯的灾难,而是旧有社会秩序、生活方式的终结。黑死病的爆发导致欧洲人口锐减,引发了严重的人口、经济和政治危机,这成为文艺复兴的催化剂。文艺复兴并非简单的从黑暗走向光明,而是从一个繁荣时期走向动荡时期,正是这种动荡促进了思想的变革。 主持人:对人类进步的定义存在多种标准,例如科技进步、经济发展、社会公平、幸福指数等。黑死病时期,人们的个人主义思想抬头,为了自保而疏远病人,导致社会生产力下降。社会是一个集体努力的结果,个体依赖于他人,他人也依赖于个体。黑死病导致农业劳动力短缺,物价上涨,引发了经济危机。政府实施的工资冻结和高额税收加剧了社会矛盾,导致农民起义。 主持人:与中国战国时期和希腊化时代类似,中世纪末期的人们也通过回顾过去寻找未来社会的方向,渴望新的开始——文艺复兴。伊拉斯谟是人文主义者,他代表了当时一种新的思想潮流,重视希腊经典,强调远离经院哲学,回归古希腊罗马的思想。人文主义的核心是关注人的本质。 主持人:在伊拉斯谟之前,宗教通常被视为信仰和理性的结合,而伊拉斯谟则持不同观点。他认为,哲学与宗教的融合是导致教会腐败的原因。他批评教会的腐败现象,例如赎罪券、繁琐的仪式和无意义的争论。伊拉斯谟认为,真正的精神追求在于个人与上帝之间的直接联系,而不是通过教会中介。他尖锐批评教会领导的腐败和权力滥用。 主持人:伊拉斯谟反对那些强调理性追求真理的哲学家,认为生活在无知中并非痛苦,生活在无知中是人类的本性,无知也是幸福的来源。他认为,幸福的关键在于接受真实的自我。

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The episode explores how the Black Death, which wiped out a significant portion of Europe's population, led to economic and political crises, ultimately catalyzing a shift in philosophical thought and the emergence of the Renaissance.

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On this episode of the podcast, we begin learning about the Renaissance. We first discuss the Black Death, a bacterial plague that wiped out 30-60% of the population of Europe. We examine how the population crisis caused by the Black Death led to an economic and political crisis that was ultimately the catalyst for a paradigm shift in philosophical thought. We also learn about the Humanist philosopher Erasmus, who, unlike the philosophers we’ve discussed on recent episodes, did not think that fusing faith and reason was a very good idea. It was much simpler than that. All this and more on the latest episode of Philosophize This!

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