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cover of episode Episode #058 ... Kant pt. 3 - Deontology vs Consequentialism

Episode #058 ... Kant pt. 3 - Deontology vs Consequentialism

2015/5/20
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Philosophize This!

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主持人:本期节目探讨了康德伦理学,特别是道义论与结果论的差异。通过一个关于斧头杀人犯的思想实验,引出了关于说谎是否道德的问题。康德认为,即使说谎能挽救生命,也是不道德的。节目进一步探讨了道德的基础,质疑了从传统来源中获得道德观念的有效性。主持人认为,个人的道德准则源于对理想生活的追求,但这种主观道德可能不够稳固,容易受到个人情绪和便利性的影响。因此,需要更客观、坚实的道德基础。康德也认同这一点,但他认为将道德准则的制定外包给神或君主,会削弱个人对行为的责任感。真正的自由决定必须基于理性。节目最后比较了道义论和结果论的优缺点。道义论强调遵守道德原则,但可能过于僵化;结果论关注行为后果,但难以预测后果,且可能忽视行为者的意图。两种理论各有优劣,大多数人可能介于两者之间。 主持人:节目深入探讨了道义论和结果论的差异,并以具体的例子(如斧头杀人犯、安妮弗兰克)进行说明。道义论者会坚持道德原则,即使后果严重;结果论者则会根据行为后果判断其道德性。节目指出,道义论的优势在于其确定性和对行为者意图的考虑,但其僵化性也是其弱点。结果论的优势在于其灵活性,但其难以预测后果和可能忽视意图的缺点也十分明显。节目最后总结道,两种伦理学体系各有优缺点,人们的道德观往往介于两者之间。

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The episode begins with a thought experiment about lying to an axe murderer to protect one's children, questioning whether lying can be morally justified in certain situations.

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On this episode of the podcast, we continue our discussion of Kant, this time focusing on ethics. We begin with a thought experiment that calls into question whether or not lying is morally justifiable if it results in preserving human life. Next, we discuss the nature of morality and question the validity of the sources from which we typically derive these concepts. Finally, we explore the strengths and weaknesses of Deontology and Consequentialism and find out that there isn’t an easy answer when it comes to how human action should be judged. All this and more on the latest episode of Philosophize This!

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