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cover of episode Episode #086 ... Sartre and Camus pt. 1 - Freedom

Episode #086 ... Sartre and Camus pt. 1 - Freedom

2016/6/29
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Philosophize This!

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萨特的存在主义哲学的核心是“存在先于本质”,认为人天生自由,没有预设的本质,需要自行创造人生意义。他认为,对日常事物细致观察后产生的陌生感,预示着对世界荒谬性的洞察。萨特用晚餐、椅子和栗树等例子说明,日常行为在宇宙尺度下显得荒诞不经,而人类对世界的理解并非仅仅基于因果关系,还附加了各种人为的意义建构。 萨特认为,意识到自身自由会带来不适感,人们常常陷入“虚伪”状态,为了逃避自由带来的责任感,而否认自身的选择自由,将现状归咎于外部因素,例如服务员的例子。人们为了方便而接受并非真正相信的观点,通过选择性地寻找证据来支持自己的行为,这是一种逃避自由和责任的表现。 萨特鼓励人们摆脱“虚伪”,拥抱自由,主动为自身赋予意义,这是人的义务。他认为,即使没有上帝预设的意义,人类也应该主动为自身赋予意义,这是人的义务。自由是人类的本质,但同时也是一种沉重的负担,人被判处自由,需要对自己的选择负责。

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Sartre introduces the concept of the absurdity of the world, using examples like daily routines and dinner scenes to illustrate how human activities can seem arbitrary and meaningless when examined closely.

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Today's episode is the first installment of a series on the great Cold War era thinkers Sartre and Camus. Today we lay the foundations for the line of thinking known as existentialism and focus on Sartre's view of freedom. 

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