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cover of episode Episode #190 ... Are emotions a waste of time? - Neo-Stoicism (Martha Nussbaum)

Episode #190 ... Are emotions a waste of time? - Neo-Stoicism (Martha Nussbaum)

2023/11/27
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Philosophize This!
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Martha Nussbaum
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Stephen West
通过《哲学这件事》播客，深入探讨各种哲学主题，吸引广泛听众。
Topics
Stephen West: 本期节目探讨了玛莎·努斯鲍姆的新斯多葛主义思想，该思想挑战了传统斯多葛主义对情绪的负面评价，认为情绪并非无用，而是包含价值判断的认知过程，对于高级道德思考和社会发展至关重要。节目通过尤里庇得斯的悲剧《海卡巴》的故事，引出了对情绪的讨论，并探讨了同情心、羞耻感和内疚感等情绪的价值和意义。节目还批判了现代西方政治哲学中社会契约理论的局限性，认为其忽略了个人差异和社会不平等，并提出了努斯鲍姆的能力方法，旨在最大化人类能力，构建一个更公平、更包容的社会。 Martha Nussbaum: (通过Stephen West的转述) 努斯鲍姆认为，情绪并非单纯的生理反应，而是对外部事物重要性的认知判断。情绪对于高级道德思考是必要的，同情心可以帮助人们扩展道德视野，关爱更多的人。羞耻感是一种自恋式的思维方式，而内疚感包含对他人权利的承认，更有助于构建互相关爱的社会。在政治哲学方面，努斯鲍姆批评了社会契约理论的局限性，提出了能力方法，旨在最大化人类能力，为每个人提供实现幸福生活所需的能力，构建一个更公平、更包容的社会。在《海卡巴》的故事中，努斯鲍姆认为海卡巴被变成狗的象征意义在于，她放弃了道德原则，走向复仇，丧失了对世界的开放性和信任。

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The episode begins with the tragic story of Hecuba, a queen whose life spirals into vengeance after her son's betrayal and murder, illustrating the deep emotional and moral complexities faced by individuals in dire situations.

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Today we talk about the lessons found in the ancient Greek play titled Hecuba. We talk about the great Stoic ethicists Epictetus, Seneca and Marcus Aurelius. We talk about Martha Nussbaum and her work looking to infuse classical Stoic ideas with all that we've learned in the sciences over thousands of years. We talk about compassion. Shame and guilt. Her capabilities approach. It's a whole lot of fun for the whole family. :)