Interesting ideas are memorable because they challenge the audience's assumptions, often by presenting something counterintuitive. According to sociologist Murray Davis, interesting theories deny what the audience believes to be true, making them more captivating and enduring.
Murray Davis's formula for an interesting idea is that it denies certain assumptions of the audience. In contrast, non-interesting theories affirm those assumptions. For example, if everyone believes X is true, an interesting theory would argue that X is not true.
B.F. Skinner is taught because his theory, which denied the common assumption that human actions are driven by thoughts, was provocative and interesting. Even if not fully accurate, his ideas challenged conventional thinking, making him a memorable figure in psychology.
Some ideas become popular because they are counterintuitive and challenge conventional wisdom, making them interesting and engaging. For example, Malcolm Gladwell's theories often gain traction because they present unconventional perspectives, even if they are not entirely true.
Curiosity is a key driver of interest because it motivates people to seek out new information and challenge their assumptions. When an idea is novel or counterintuitive, it sparks curiosity, leading people to engage more deeply with the topic.
Relevance is crucial for an idea to be interesting because it connects the concept to the audience's existing goals or projects. If an idea feels unrelated to someone's life or interests, it is less likely to capture their attention, even if it is novel or counterintuitive.
Angela Duckworth advises students to be selfish by asking, 'How does this relate to me?' This approach enhances interest by connecting the material to their personal goals or projects, making the content more engaging and relevant.
The third kind of life well-lived is one focused on learning and curiosity, distinct from seeking pleasure or meaning. It emphasizes a rich life driven by interest and the pursuit of new knowledge, which can be deeply satisfying.
Angela Duckworth finds the debate frustrating because there is a wide gap between scientists who believe social media is harmful and those who disagree. This lack of consensus keeps her curious but also in a state of cognitive limbo, unable to resolve the question.
Malcolm Gladwell's ketchup story illustrates that interesting ideas don't always need a definitive answer. The story explores why mustard has been iterated on more than ketchup, but Gladwell leaves it unresolved, showing that curiosity can be its own reward.
What do Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Malcolm Gladwell have in common? Are interesting theories more significant than true ones? And what has been keeping Angela up at night? Plus: an important announcement about the show.
SOURCES:
Charles Darwin), 19th-century naturalist and biologist.
Murray Davis), cultural sociologist.
Malcolm Gladwell), journalist and author.
Adam Grant), professor of management and psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.
B. F. Skinner), 20th-century American psychologist.
RESOURCES:
Small Fry)*, *by Lisa Brennan-Jobs (2018).
Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance)*, *by Angela Duckworth (2016).
"Why Malcolm Gladwell’s Ideas Are So Interesting, Whether or Not They’re True)," by Adam Grant (*Quartz, *2015).
David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants)*, *by Malcolm Gladwell (2013).
Curious?: Discover the Missing Ingredient to a Fulfilling Life)*, *by Todd Kashdan (2009).
"Interest — The Curious Emotion)," by Paul J. Silvia (2008).
Exploring the Psychology of Interest)*, *by Paul J. Silvia (2006).
"The Ketchup Conundrum)," by Malcolm Gladwell (*The New Yorker, *2004).
"That's Interesting!: Towards a Phenomenology of Sociology and a Sociology of Phenomenology)," by Murray S. Davis (*Philosophy of the Social Sciences, *1971).
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals)*, *by Charles Darwin (1872).
EXTRAS:
"How Do You Identify a Narcissist?)" by *No Stupid Questions *(2024).
"Is Screen Time as Poisonous as We Think?)" by *Freakonomics Radio *(2024).
"Abortion and Crime, Revisited (Update))," by *Freakonomics Radio *(2024).